Multiple dex files define Landroid/arch/lifecycle/LiveData$LifecycleBoundObserver;

问题:

when run app it show error

Error:Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithExternalLibsDexMergerForDebug'.

java.lang.RuntimeException: com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Unable to merge dex

build.gradle

dependencies {     implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'     compile('com.mapbox.mapboxsdk:mapbox-android-navigation-ui:0.6.2') {         transitive = true     }     compile 'com.mapbox.mapboxsdk:mapbox-android-navigation:0.6.2'     compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:11.6.0'     compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:11.6.0'     compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:11.6.0'     compile 'com.paypal.sdk:paypal-android-sdk:2.15.3'     compile 'com.github.TheBrownArrow:PermissionManager:1.0.0'     compile 'de.hdodenhof:circleimageview:2.2.0'     compile 'gun0912.ted:tedbottompicker:1.0.12'     compile 'com.akexorcist:googledirectionlibrary:1.0.5'     compile 'com.loopj.android:android-async-http:1.4.9'     compile 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:3.7.0'     compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:11.6.0'     compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:11.6.0'     compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-places:11.6.0'     compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:11.6.0'     compile 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database:11.6.0'     compile 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.1'     compile 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'     compile 'me.anwarshahriar:calligrapher:1.0'     compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'     compile 'com.mcxiaoke.volley:library:1.0.19'     compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.2.0'     compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:23.2.0'     compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'     compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.3.0'     compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.3.0'     compile 'uk.co.chrisjenx:calligraphy:2.3.0'     compile 'com.seatgeek:placesautocomplete:0.3-SNAPSHOT'     compile 'com.weiwangcn.betterspinner:library-material:1.1.0'     compile 'com.android.support:design:24.0.0'     compile 'com.onesignal:OneSignal:[3.7.1, 3.99.99]'      compile('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.6.8@aar') {         transitive = true;     }     implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:27.0.0'     implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.0.0'     implementation 'com.android.support:design:27.0.0' } 

回答1:

You need to use the same version for all support dependencies and don't add duplicate dependencies. You need to group the dependencies to make it easier to manage. Your dependencies should be something like this:

dependencies {      // Support library     implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.0.2'     implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:27.1.0'     implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:27.1.0'     implementation 'com.android.support:design:27.1.0'     implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:27.1.0'      // Firebase and Play service library     implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:11.6.0'     implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:11.6.0'     implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-maps:11.6.0'     implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:11.6.0'     implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-places:11.6.0'     implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-database:11.6.0'      implementation 'com.mapbox.mapboxsdk:mapbox-android-navigation:0.6.2'      implementation 'com.paypal.sdk:paypal-android-sdk:2.15.3'     implementation 'com.github.TheBrownArrow:PermissionManager:1.0.0'     implementation 'de.hdodenhof:circleimageview:2.2.0'     implementation 'gun0912.ted:tedbottompicker:1.0.12'     implementation 'com.akexorcist:googledirectionlibrary:1.0.5'     implementation 'com.loopj.android:android-async-http:1.4.9'     implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:3.7.0'     implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.1'     implementation 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1'     implementation 'me.anwarshahriar:calligrapher:1.0'     implementation 'com.mcxiaoke.volley:library:1.0.19'     implementation 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.5.2'     implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.3.0'     implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.3.0'     implementation 'uk.co.chrisjenx:calligraphy:2.3.0'     implementation 'com.seatgeek:placesautocomplete:0.3-SNAPSHOT'     implementation 'com.weiwangcn.betterspinner:library-material:1.1.0'     implementation 'com.onesignal:OneSignal:[3.7.1, 3.99.99]'      implementation('com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.6.8@aar') {         transitive = true;     } } 

文章来源: Multiple dex files define Landroid/arch/lifecycle/LiveData$LifecycleBoundObserver;