ASP.NET Core MVC中的Filter作用是在请求处理管道的某些阶段之前或之后可以运行特定的代码。
Filter特性在之前的ASP.NET MVC中已经出现,但过去只有Authorization,Exception,Action,Result四种类型,现在又增加了一种Resource类型。所以共计五种。
Resource类型Filter在Authorization类型Filter之后执行,但又在其它类型的Filter之前。且执行顺序也在Model Binding之前,所以可以对Model Binding产生影响。
ASP.NET Core MVC框架中可以看到有ConsumesAttribute及FormatFilter两种实现IResourceFilter接口的类。
ConsumesAttribute会按请求中的Content-Type(内容类型)进行过滤,而FormatFilter能对路由或路径中设置了format值的请求作过滤。
一旦不符合要求,就对ResourceExecutingContext的Result属性设置,这样可以达到短路效果,阻止进行下面的处理。
ConsumesAttribute类的例子:
public void OnResourceExecuting(ResourceExecutingContext context) { ... // Only execute if the current filter is the one which is closest to the action. // Ignore all other filters. This is to ensure we have a overriding behavior. if (IsApplicable(context.ActionDescriptor)) { var requestContentType = context.HttpContext.Request.ContentType; // Confirm the request's content type is more specific than a media type this action supports e.g. OK // if client sent "text/plain" data and this action supports "text/*". if (requestContentType != null && !IsSubsetOfAnyContentType(requestContentType)) { context.Result = new UnsupportedMediaTypeResult(); } } } Filter在ASP.NET Core MVC里除了保留原有的包含同步方法的接口,现在又增加了包含异步方法的接口。
同步
- IActionFilter
- IAuthorizationFilter
- IExceptionFilter
- IResourceFilter
- IResultFilter
异步
- IAsyncActionFilter
- IAsyncAuthorizationFilter
- IAsyncExceptionFilter
- IAsyncResourceFilter
- IAsyncResultFilter
新的接口不像旧有的接口包含两个同步方法,它们只有一个异步方法。但可以实现同样的功能。
public class SampleAsyncActionFilter : IAsyncActionFilter { public async Task OnActionExecutionAsync( ActionExecutingContext context, ActionExecutionDelegate next) { // 在方法处理前执行一些操作 var resultContext = await next(); // 在方法处理后再执行一些操作。 } } Attribute形式的Filter,其构造方法里只能传入一些基本类型的值,例如字符串:
public class AddHeaderAttribute : ResultFilterAttribute { private readonly string _name; private readonly string _value; public AddHeaderAttribute(string name, string value) { _name = name; _value = value; } public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext context) { context.HttpContext.Response.Headers.Add( _name, new string[] { _value }); base.OnResultExecuting(context); } } [AddHeader("Author", "Steve Smith @ardalis")] public class SampleController : Controller 如果想要在其构造方法里引入其它类型的依赖,现在可以使用ServiceFilterAttribute,TypeFilterAttribute或者IFilterFactory方式。
ServiceFilterAttribute需要在DI容器中注册:
public class GreetingServiceFilter : IActionFilter { private readonly IGreetingService greetingService; public GreetingServiceFilter(IGreetingService greetingService) { this.greetingService = greetingService; } public void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context) { context.ActionArguments["param"] = this.greetingService.Greet("James Bond"); } public void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context) { } } services.AddScoped<GreetingServiceFilter>(); [ServiceFilter(typeof(GreetingServiceFilter))] public IActionResult GreetService(string param) TypeFilterAttribute则没有必要:
public class GreetingTypeFilter : IActionFilter { private readonly IGreetingService greetingService; public GreetingTypeFilter(IGreetingService greetingService) { this.greetingService = greetingService; } public void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context) { context.ActionArguments["param"] = this.greetingService.Greet("Dr. No"); } public void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context) { } } [TypeFilter(typeof(GreetingTypeFilter))] public IActionResult GreetType1(string param) IFilterFactory也是不需要的:
public class GreetingFilterFactoryAttribute : Attribute, IFilterFactory { public bool IsReusable => false; public IFilterMetadata CreateInstance(IServiceProvider serviceProvider) { var logger = (IGreetingService)serviceProvider.GetService(typeof(IGreetingService)); return new GreetingFilter(logger); } private class GreetingFilter : IActionFilter { private IGreetingService _greetingService; public GreetingFilter(IGreetingService greetingService) { _greetingService = greetingService; } public void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context) { } public void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context) { context.ActionArguments["param"] = _greetingService.Greet("Dr. No"); } } } [GreetingFilterFactory] public IActionResult GreetType1(string param) Filter有三种范围:
- Global
- Controller
- Action
后两种可以通过Attribute的方式附加到特定Action方法或者Controller类之上。对于Global,则要在ConfigureServices方法内部添加。
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddMvc(options => { // by instance options.Filters.Add(new AddDeveloperResultFilter("Tahir Naushad")); // by type options.Filters.Add(typeof(GreetDeveloperResultFilter)); }); } 顾名思义,Global将对所有Controller及Action产生影响。所以务必对其小心使用。
这三种范围的执行顺序在设计程序的时候也需要多作考虑:
- Global范围的前置处理代码
- Controller范围的前置处理代码
- Action范围的前置处理代码
- Action范围的后置处理代码
- Controller范围的后置处理代码
- Global范围的后置处理代码
典型的前置处理代码如常见的OnActionExecuting方法,而常见的后置处理代码,则是像OnActionExecuted方法这般的。