Thread.sleep waits more than expected

问题

The following code:

long msBefore = System.currentTimeMillis();
//Thread.currentThread().setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
try
{Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e){}
System.out.println("Time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - msBefore));

prints :

Time: 578
Time: 594
Time: 625
Time: 640
Time: 641
Time: 609
Time: 625
Time: 625
Time: 610
Time: 609
Time: 625
Time: 625
Time: 422
Time: 625
Time: 594
Time: 609
Time: 625
Time: 594
Time: 594
Time: 625

Where's the problem??

回答1:

I have a requirement to send n messages per second, I think wait/notify don't fit, correct?

If you have a hard timing requirement, then you are going to need to use a real-time Java implementation. Mainstream SE and ME Java implementations are not suitable for hard realtime applications.

There are various tricks you can use to meet such requirements "most of the time" ... but if your application / system gets overloaded you are liable start to missing the required message rate.

Th real problem is not the accuracy of the timers, but the fact that a non-realtime scheduler won't (and can't) guarantee to schedule the thread to run as soon as the timer expires.

回答2:

There is no problem here. From javadoc:

subject to the accuracy of system and schedulers.

Usually, it is bad design to rely on the sleeping interval as it can be different on different systems and JVM implementations. Use wait() and notify() instead, or better - use java.util.concurrent package.

回答3:

You're not taking into account the time it spends processing.

    try {
        long processingStart = System.currentTimeMillis();

        long processingFinish = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long processTime = 600 - (processingFinish - processingStart);
        Thread.sleep(processTime);

    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {

    }

回答4:

If you really need fixed message rate, implement something like a spin-lock. It will consume single CPU core, but get you close.

long nextTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + interval;
while (keepRunning) {
   while (nextTime - System.currentTimeMillis() > 0)
       ;
   sendMessage();
   nextTime += interval;
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6095712/thread-sleep-waits-more-than-expected

标签

java

multithreading

thread-sleep