Can I prevent cargo from rebuilding libraries with every new project?

Question

Suppose I execute cargo new one --bin and cargo new two --bin then add the same dependency to each project's Cargo.toml and build them.

Now there are two absolutely identical sets of libraries:

/one/target/debug/deps/ *.rlib

/two/target/debug/deps/ *.rlib

They are same files and waste storage space, but really the problem is that I have to compile these libraries again for every project. It takes a very much time. There is the same problem with cargo install.

Can I specify a place to store compiled libraries to avoid recompilation?

Answer 1

Several Cargo projects might share the libraries by using the same target dir.

.cargo/config

Place a ".cargo" folder in a project and create a "config" file there containing:

[build]
target-dir = "/path/to/your/shared/target/dir"

On Unix this might look like:

mkdir ~/shared_rust_target
mkdir .cargo
echo "[build]" > .cargo/config
echo "target-dir = \"$HOME/shared_rust_target\"" >> .cargo/config

CARGO_TARGET_DIR

Set the CARGO_TARGET_DIR environment variable.

On Unix this might look like:

export CARGO_TARGET_DIR = "$HOME/shared_rust_target"

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See this commit for some extra target-dir documentation.

In particular, prior to Cargo 1.9 you shouldn't build several projects into the same target dir concurrently. (Here's more on how Cargo 1.9 supports concurrent builds).

target-dir is also mentioned in the Cargo docs.

Note that personally I'm only using the target-dir feature to redirect the builds into a different place, so I never tried to do the shared builds. But it should work, according to this issue.

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P.S. It is now also possible to achieve crate reuse with workspaces.

Answer 2

Even if there is a way to do it, you probably don't want to. Just because you happen to be using the same libraries doesn't mean that they were compiled the same. For example, Cargo supports the concept of features, compilation time configuration that changes how the crate was compiled.

Likewise, you may need to support multiple versions of Rust, such as nightly and stable. Or perhaps you need to cross-compile for a different architecture. Each of those will produce different code.

Cargo will cache the build products of a single project, so I've found the overhead not really noticeable, and I compile a lot of projects from people asking questions on Stack Overflow! :-)