Can SQL*Plus read environment variables from the machine is it running on?

问题

I'm aware that the database engine itself is (often) on another machine and that SQL*Plus has no direct way of reading those environment variables, but I'm in a tricky situation where I merely need the environment variables from the machine the client itself is running on.

Is there a way to cheat these values into the SQL*Plus client from within a single script that will be run in SQL*Plus? The script consists of a single begin/end PL/SQL block, but if I need to use SQL*Plus directives of the set/define/variable sort that shouldn't be a problem either.

What I can't do is alter the way that the SQL*Plus executable itself is started (I don't have access to pass the values in as arguments).

Is there any way to accomplish this?

Note: dbms_system.get_env() seems to retrieve environment variables from the server itself, which is what I do not want.

回答1:

You can get a few client-related things from the USERENV context, but not arbitrary environment variables.

If you can create a file on your local machine you could use the host command to set a substitution variable based on an environment variable:

SQL > host echo define homedir=$HOME > /tmp/gethome.sql

SQL > @/tmp/gethome.sql
SQL > host rm -f /tmp/gethome.sql

SQL > select '&homedir.' as home from dual;

HOME
------------
/home/apoole

1 row selected.

Not very pretty, but if you can't pass the variables on the command line as positional parameters then your options are rather limited.

This is using a Unix-y paths and commands of course, but you can do the same sort of thing in Windows.

回答2:

Sys_context should solve your problem. You can set custom environment variable in database using DBMS_SESSION.SET_CONTEXT ('MY_NAMESPACE', 'MY_PARAMETER', v_input_parameter); and then fetch it using SYS_CONTEXT ('MY_NAMESPACE', 'MY_PARAMETER'); So you can run a initial pl/sql block to set variable in session and then use it as per requirement.

You can see an example here: http://blog.contractoracle.com/2010/03/using-dbmssessionsetcontext-to-store.html

回答3:

If you could pass the variable via sqlplus argument passing mechanism. you could do the following,

cat > myscript.sql <<!
select '&1' as HOME from DUAL;
!

sqlplus user/pwd@db @myscript.sql $HOME

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30107510/can-sqlplus-read-environment-variables-from-the-machine-is-it-running-on