No service for type Identity.UserManager when using multiple identity users

Question

My setup

Currently, I have two models that inherit from ApplicationUser, which inherits IdentityUser. The user classes are:

public abstract class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
{
    [PersonalData]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    [PersonalData]
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    [NotMapped]
    public string FullName => $"{FirstName} {LastName}";
}

public class StudentUser : ApplicationUser
{
    [PersonalData]
    [Required]
    public string StudentNumber { get; set; }

    // A user belongs to one group
    public Group Group { get; set; }
}

public class EmployeeUser : ApplicationUser { }

The ApplicationUser contains shared properties, like the First and Last name. Both StudentUser and EmployeeUser have their own properties and relationships. This structure follows the Table Per Hierarchy (TPH) inheritance.

Ideally, I want to follow the Table Per Type (TPT) inheritance, because the SQL structure is better. ASP.NET Core only supports TPH natively, so that is why I follow the TPT approach.

The problem

I added the Identity service in Startup.cs:

services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
            .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
            .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

When I call UserManager<StudentUser> or UserManager<EmployeeUser>, I get the following error:

No service for type 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.UserManager`1[ClassroomMonitor.Models.StudentUser]' has been registered.

My question

Unfortunately, I can't find much about this error combined with this implementation.

Is it (even) possible to make it work this way?

Any help or thoughts are welcome.

Update 1

Manually adding the StudentUser or EmployeeUser as a scoped services does not seem to work (mentioned as the first answer).

services.AddScoped<UserManager<ApplicationUser>, UserManager<ApplicationUser>>();
// or..
services.AddScoped<UserManager<ApplicationUser>>();

This throws the following error:

InvalidOperationException: Unable to resolve service for type 'Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity.IUserStore1[ClassroomMonitor.Models.StudentUser]'

Update 2

Here is a Gist to give you a better picture of the project structue:

Answer 1

Ideally you would call the same identity setup for the derived user types as for the base user type.

Unfortunately AddIdentity method contains some code that prevents of using it more than once.

Instead, you could use AddIdentityCore. The role services are already registered by the AddIdentity, the only difference is that AddIdentityCore registers UserClaimsPrincipalFactory<TUser>, so in order to match AddIdentity setup it needs to be replaced with UserClaimsPrincipalFactory<TUser, TRole> via AddClaimsPrincipalFactory method.

The code looks like something like this:

services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders()
    .AddDefaultUI();

services.AddIdentityCore<StudentUser>()
    .AddRoles<IdentityRole>()
    .AddClaimsPrincipalFactory<UserClaimsPrincipalFactory<StudentUser, IdentityRole>>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders()
    .AddDefaultUI();

services.AddIdentityCore<EmployeeUser>()
    .AddRoles<IdentityRole>()
    .AddClaimsPrincipalFactory<UserClaimsPrincipalFactory<EmployeeUser, IdentityRole>>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
    .AddDefaultTokenProviders()
    .AddDefaultUI();

Of course you could move the common parts in a custom extension methods.

Update: Although the role services are already configured, you still need to call AddRoles in order to set correctly the Role property of the IndentityBuilder, which then is used by the AddEntityFrameworkStores.

Answer 2

You are missing register DI for it.

services.AddScoped<UserManager<AppUser>, UserManager<AppUser>>()

StudentUser and EmployeeUser are similar to it

Answer 3

Tested on fresh project:

dotnet new mvc --auth Individual

Startup.cshtml

services.AddDefaultIdentity<User>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

User.cs

public class User : IdentityUser
{
    public string Test { get; set; }
}

Probably here's your problem:

_LoginPartial.cshtml

@inject SignInManager<User> SignInManager
@inject UserManager<User> UserManager

---

Also tested this way:

Startup.cs

services.AddDefaultIdentity<User2>()
    .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>();

Users.cs

public class User : IdentityUser
{
    public string TestA { get; set; }
}
public class User2 : User
{
    public string TestB { get; set; }
}

_LoginPartial.cshtml

@inject SignInManager<User2> SignInManager
@inject UserManager<User2> UserManager

Answer 4

You cannot add scoped for the different user types, you should really not have many different types which are derived from IdentityUser as it will mean you will either have incorrect types used all over the place or multiple different user tables in the database.

you should really structure your data so it has an ApplicationUser which is referenced by the employee entity (a separate entity) or the Student entity (again a separate entity). there is more of a design issue here rather than a code issue.

ASPIdentity will inject the Usermanager<ApplicationUser> when you AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>, so adding more user managers will not work as expected.

The answer you must create different entities for every type of user, 1 for student, 1 for employee, etc. these will all have a Foreign Key to the user's id, and that will enable you to add multiple types of user without the need for different tables per user type.

then when you addIdentity you can register ApplicationUser (as is at the moment) then inject UserManager<ApplicationUser> which will get the user type.