Python ElementTree default namespace?

问题

Is there a way to define the default/unprefixed namespace in python ElementTree? This doesn't seem to work...

ns = {"":"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"}
pom = xml.etree.ElementTree.parse("pom.xml")
print(pom.findall("version", ns))

Nor does this:

ns = {None:"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"}
pom = xml.etree.ElementTree.parse("pom.xml")
print(pom.findall("version", ns))

This does, but then I have to prefix every element:

ns = {"mvn":"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"}
pom = xml.etree.ElementTree.parse("pom.xml")
print(pom.findall("mvn:version", ns))

Using Python 3.5 on OSX.

EDIT: if the answer is "no", you can still get the bounty :-). I just want a definitive "no" from someone who's spent a lot of time using it.

回答1:

There is no straight-forward way to handle the default namespaces transparently. Assigning the empty namespace a non-empty name is a common solution, as you've already mentioned:

ns = {"mvn":"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"}
pom = xml.etree.ElementTree.parse("pom.xml")
print(pom.findall("mvn:version", ns))

Note that lxml.etree does not allow the use of empty namespaces explicitly. You would get:

ValueError: empty namespace prefix is not supported in ElementPath

---

You can though, make things simpler, by removing the default namespace definition while loading the XML input data:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import re

with open("pom.xml") as f:
    xmlstring = f.read()

# Remove the default namespace definition (xmlns="http://some/namespace")
xmlstring = re.sub(r'\sxmlns="[^"]+"', '', xmlstring, count=1)

pom = ET.fromstring(xmlstring) 
print(pom.findall("version"))

回答2:

You can retrieve the default namespace with:

namespace = pom.getroot().tag.split("}")[0]+"}"

Then when you search for elements you add it to your search path:

print(pom.findall(namespace+"version"))

Not an elegant solution, but it works.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34009992/python-elementtree-default-namespace