问题

Scenario

I’ve run into a speedbump while using the STL with what seems like a normal scenario, simplified here:

class Person {
  string Name;
  int    Age;
};

vector<Person> people;
AddPeople(people);

string s("Bob");
find(people.begin(), people.end(), s);

Problem

Unfortunately find wants to compare the entire class.

Question

Is there a better or more appropriate way to do this the “STL way”? The suggested questions weren’t helpful, but I managed to find a couple of related questions but no direct solution.

Work-arounds/Tests

There’s some potential work-arounds:

Forgo find altogether (cluttered, but could be refactored):

bool bBob = false;
for (UINT i = 0; i < people.size(); i++) {
  if (people[i].Name == s)
  bBob = true;
  break;
}

Provide conversion operator (implicit conversion doesn’t work; explicit can’t be used in find):

class Person {
  string Name;
  int    Age;
  operator string() {return Name;}
};

Person b ("Bob", 99);
string s ("Bob");
       b  == s;     //doesn’t work
string(b) == s;     //works, but no good for find()

Define a standalone equality operator (simple, effective, but globally exposed):
```
BOOL operator==(Person l, string r) {
  return l.Name == r;
}
```

Define a member equality operator (makes comparison order dependent; object must be first):

class Person {
  string Name;
  int    Age;
  bool operator==(string s) {return Name == s;}
};

Person b ("Bob", 99);
string s ("Bob");
b==s;               //works
s==b;               //doesn’t work, but not a problem for find()

It looks like #4 is the best candidate, but none seem ideal or feel “STL”, and some have problems.

回答1:

Is there a better or more appropriate way to do this the “STL way”?

You can use std::find_if (powered by C++11 lambdas):

std::string name = "Bob";
// ...
std::find_if(std::begin(people), std::end(people), 
    [&] (Person const& p) { return p.Name == name; }

Notice, that calling it "STL way" is inappropriate. This is the C++ Standard Library, not the STL ("Standard Template Library"). The STL served as a strong inspiration for the Containers and Algorithms Library of the C++ Standard Library, but the two things are not the same. See this Q&A on StackOverflow for further information.

EDIT:

Since you are using a compiler that does not support lambdas, you can define your own functor predicate:

struct person_has_name
{
    person_has_name(std::string const& n) : name(n) { }  
    bool operator () (Person const& p) { return p.Name == name; }
private:
    std::string name;
};

And use it with std::find_if this way:

std::string name = "Bob";
// ...
std::find_if(people.begin(), people.end(), person_has_name(name));

回答2:

There are a couple of ways to do it, all involving some kind of callable objects and std::find_if.

The first is to use the new C++11 lambda:

std::find_if(people.begin(), people.end(), [](const Person& person)
    { return person.Name == "Bob"; });

If you have an older compiler that doesn't support lambdas, you could use a functor object:

class FindPersonByName
{
    std::string name;

public:
    FindPersonByName(const std::string& name) : name(name) {}

    bool operator()(const Person& person) const
        { return person.Name == name; }
};

std::find_if(people.begin(), people.end(), FindPersonByName("Bob"));

Of course both of these requires your class to have the Name member public. But you can change it to use a public GetName function instead and add that to the class.

回答3:

I guess you want these for subclasses or classes that share a property called name, if not you could create a simple function yourself. If you do want it to work for any class that has a property name you could create a template like this:

template < class ClassWithNameProperty >
ClassWithNameProperty * searchName (std::string name,
                                    std::vector<ClassWithNameProperty *> array)
{
    for (ClassWithNameProperty * obj: array)
    {
        if (obj.compare(obj->name))
        {
            return obj;
        }
    }
    return NULL;
}

Or however you want your search function to work, hope this helps you

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16445358/stdfind-object-by-member

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c++