Hold any kind of C++ template class in member variable

问题

I have got two classes.

The first class (A) is builded with an template.

template <class T>
class A
{
    public:
        T value;
};

The second class (B) should have an object of class A as member variable. Like this:

class B
{
    public:
        A<int> value;
};

But now i want to use any kind of template-class in class A. Not only int. Apparent I can't declare a (member-)variable which contains any kind of a class. So, I need something like this:

class B
{
    public:
        A<*> value;
};

Is there any (clean) solution for this problem?

-- Greeting from Germany, Bastian

回答1:

You cannot have a single class B with "any" member object, because B has to be a well-defined class, and A<T> is a different type for different types T. You can either make B a template itself:

template <typename T>
class B
{
  A<T> value;
};

or you can take a look at boost::any, which is type-erasing container for arbitrary types (but making use of it requires a certain amount of extra work). The any class only works for value types, though, it's not completely arbitrary.

回答2:

The simplest solution would be to make all A variants ineherit from a common interface, even if it's empty :

class IA{}

template <class T>
class A : public IA
{
    public:
        T value;
};

class B
{
    public:
        IA* value;
};

Now, the associated costs:

interactions with value are limited to the IA interface;
if you try to cast to get the real type, that mean that you know the real type, so it's of no use and make A type a parameter of B becomes really easier to use.
there are runtime costs associated to runtime inheritance

Advantage :

it's easily understood by other developers
it naturally limit the types possible to some specific ones
it don't use boost (sometimes, you just can't)

So to do better there are other less simple solutions but that are simple enough to be used :

If you can use boost, boost::any, boost::variant and boost::mpl might be base of solutions.

Boost any can be used as a safe replacement to void*. The only problem with this is that you can have ANY type, like if the type was a template parameter of the B class.

Boost variant might be used successfully if you know all the types that A can be.

MPL might be helpful if you just want to set a list of possible types and make sure your members apply only to them. You can do a ton of things with MPL so it really depends on your exact needs.

回答3:

You've got two choices, I think. The first is to parameterize your class over the type parameters of the instance variables:

template <class T> struct B
{
  A<T> value;
};

The other option is to declare value as a void* pointer. (But that's probably not what you want).

回答4:

yes, it's already been done. boost::any.

回答5:

I think it helps to understand, that templated classes create an entirely new and seperate class for every type you use with it. For instance, Vector<int> and Vector<float> are as separate as the classes VectorInt and VectorFloat.

For class B, you are basically asking that the value variable either be A<int> or A<float>, which is the same as saying you want value to either be a "A_int" or "A_float". And to accomplish that you... well, use another template!

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7154602/hold-any-kind-of-c-template-class-in-member-variable

标签

c++

templates

member