Extract text between two strings repeatedly using sed or awk? [duplicate]

问题

I have a file called 'plainlinks' that looks like this:

13080. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94092-2012.gz
13081. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94094-2012.gz
13082. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94096-2012.gz
13083. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94097-2012.gz
13084. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94098-2012.gz
13085. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94644-2012.gz
13086. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94645-2012.gz
13087. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94995-2012.gz
13088. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-94996-2012.gz
13089. ftp://ftp3.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/noaa/999999-96404-2012.gz

I need to produce output that looks like this:

999999-94092
999999-94094
999999-94096
999999-94097
999999-94098
999999-94644
999999-94645
999999-94995
999999-94996
999999-96404

回答1:

Using sed:

sed -E 's/.*\/(.*)-.*/\1/' plainlinks

Output:

999999-94092
999999-94094
999999-94096
999999-94097
999999-94098
999999-94644
999999-94645
999999-94995
999999-94996
999999-96404

To save the changes to the file use the -i option:

sed -Ei 's/.*\/(.*)-.*/\1/' plainlinks

Or to save to a new file then redirect:

sed -E 's/.*\/(.*)-.*/\1/' plainlinks > newfile.txt

Explanation:

s/    # subsitution
.*    # match anything
\/    # upto the last forward-slash (escaped to not confused a sed)
(.*)  # anything after the last forward-slash (captured in brackets)
-     # upto a hypen
.*    # anything else left on line
/     # end match; start replace 
\1    # the value captured in the first (only) set of brackets
/     # end

回答2:

Just for fun.

awk -F\/ '{print substr($7,0,12)}' plainlinks

or with grep

grep -Eo '[0-9]{6}-[0-9]{5}' plainlinks

回答3:

Assuming the format stays consistent as you have described, you can do it with awk:

awk 'BEGIN{FS="[/-]"; OFS="-"} {print $7, $8}' plainlinks > output_file

Output:

999999-94092
999999-94094
999999-94096
999999-94097
999999-94098
999999-94644
999999-94645
999999-94995
999999-94996
999999-96404

Explanation:

awk reads your input file one line at a time, breaking each line into "fields"
'BEGIN{FS="[/-]"; OFS="-"} specifies that delimiter used on the input lines should be either / or -, it also specifies that the output should be delimited by -
{print $7, $8}' tells awk to print the 7th and 8th field of each line, in this case 999999 and 9xxxx
plainlinks is the where the name of the input file would go
> output_file redirects output to a file named output_file

回答4:

Just with the shell's parameter expansion:

while IFS= read -r line; do
    tmp=${line##*noaa/}
    echo ${tmp%-????.gz}
done < plainlinks

回答5:

If the format stays the same, no need for sed or awk:

cat your_file | cut -d "/" -f 7- | cut -d "-" -f 1,2

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13386080/extract-text-between-two-strings-repeatedly-using-sed-or-awk

标签

Linux

sed

awk

grep

text-processing