问题

I am using Ubuntu and have installed Python 2.7.5 and 3.4.0. In Python 2.7.5 I am able to successfully assign a variable x = Value(\'i\', 2), but not in 3.4.0. I am getting:

Traceback (most recent call last):
   File \"<stdin>\", line 1, in <module>
   File \"/usr/local/lib/python3.4/multiprocessing/context.py\", line 132, in Value
      from .sharedctypes import Value
   File \"/usr/local/lib/python3.4/multiprocessing/sharedctypes.py\", line 10, in <
module>
   import ctypes
   File \"/usr/local/lib/python3.4/ctypes/__init__.py\", line 7, in <module>
      from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array
ImportError: No module named \'_ctypes\'

I just updated to 3.3.2 through installing the source of 3.4.0. It installed in /usr/local/lib/python3.4.

Did I update to Python 3.4 correctly?

One thing I noticed that Python 3.4 is installed in usr/local/lib, while Python 3.3.2 is still installed in usr/lib, so it was not overwritten.

回答1:

Installing libffi-dev and re-installing python3.7 fixed the problem for me.

to cleanly build py 3.7 libffi-dev is required or else later stuff will fail

If using RHEL/Fedora:

yum install libffi-devel

sudo dnf install libffi-devel

If using Debian/Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install libffi-dev

回答2:

On a fresh Debian image, cloning https://github.com/python/cpython and running:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev python-setuptools python-pip python-smbus
sudo apt-get install libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev openssl
sudo apt-get install libffi-dev

Now execute the configure file cloned above:

./configure
make # alternatively `make -j 4` will utilize 4 threads
sudo make altinstall

Got 3.7 installed and working for me.

SLIGHT UPDATE

Looks like I said I would update this answer with some more explanation and two years later I don't have much to add.

this SO post explains why certain libraries like python-dev might be necessary.
this SO post explains why one might use the altinstall as opposed to install argument in the make command.

Aside from that I guess the choice would be to either read through the cpython codebase looking for #include directives that need to be met, but what I usually do is keep trying to install the package and just keep reading through the output installing the required packages until it succeeds.

Reminds me of the story of the Engineer, the Manager and the Programmer whose car rolls down a hill.

回答3:

Detailed steps to install Python 3.7 in CentOS or any redhat linux machine:

Download Python from https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.xz
Extract the content in new folder
Open Terminal in the same directory
Run below code step by step :

sudo yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ 
sudo yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
sudo yum -y install libffi-devel 
./configure
make
make install

回答4:

Thought I'd add the Centos installs:

sudo yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ 
sudo yum -y install zlib zlib-devel
sudo yum -y install libffi-devel

Check python version:

python3 -V

Create virtualenv:

virtualenv -p python3 venv

回答5:

I run into this error when I tried to install Python 3.7.3 in Ubuntu 18.04 with next command: $ pyenv install 3.7.3. Installation succeeded after running $ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libffi-dev (as suggested here). The issue was solved there.

回答6:

Refer to this thread, for customized installation of libffi, it is difficult for Python3.7 to find the library location of libffi. An alternative method is to set the CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS variable in the Makefile, for example CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS="-L/path/to/libffi-3.2.1/lib64".