Swift: how to use PREPROCESSOR Flags (like `#if DEBUG`) to implement API keys?

问题

In Objective-C it was sometimes useful to use static string constants to define alternate API keys (for example to differentiate between RELEASE and DEBUG keys for analytics packages, like MixPanel, Flurry or Crashlytics):

#if DEBUG
static NSString *const API_KEY = @\"KEY_A\";
#else
static NSString *const API_KEY = @\"KEY_B\";
#endif

and then...

[Analytics startSession:API_KEY];

How does this translate to Swift, since the Swift compiler no longer uses a preprocessor?

回答1:

Apple included full support for Swift preprocessor flags as of Xcode 8, so it's no longer necessary to set these values in "Other Swift Flags".

The new setting is called "Active Compilation Conditions", which provides top-level support for the Swift equivalent of preprocessor flags. You use it in exactly the same way as you would "Other Swift Flags", except there's no need to prepend the value with a "-D" (so it's just a little cleaner).

From the Xcode 8 release notes:

Active Compilation Conditions is a new build setting for passing conditional compilation flags to the Swift compiler. Each element of the value of this setting passes to swiftc prefixed with -D, in the same way that elements of Preprocessor Macros pass to clang with the same prefix. (22457329)

You use the above setting like so:

#if DEBUG
    let accessToken = "DebugAccessToken"
#else
    let accessToken = "ProductionAccessToken"
#endif

回答2:

UPDATED: Xcode 8 now supports this automatically, see @DanLoewenherz's response above.

Prior to Xcode 8, you could still use Macros in the same way:

#if DEBUG
let apiKey = "KEY_A"
#else
let apiKey = "KEY_B"
#endif

However in order for them to be picked up by Swift, you need to set "Other Swift Flags" in your target's Build Settings:

Open Build Settings for your target
Search for "other swift flags"
Add the macros you wish to use, preceded by the -D flag

回答3:

As a follow up observation, try not to keep api keys / secrets in plaintext in the repository. Use a secrets management system to load the keys / secrets into the user's environment variables. Otherwise step 1 is necessary, if acceptable.

Put the "secrets" in a plaintext file above in the enclosing repository
Create a ../set_keys.sh that contains a list of export API_KEY_A='<plaintext_key_aef94c5l6>' (use single quote to prevent evaluation)
Add a Run script phase that can source ../set_keys.sh and move it to the top of execution order
In Build Settings > Preprocessor Macros, add to defines as necessary such as API_KEY_A="$API_KEY_A"

That captures the environment variable into the compiler define which is later used in each clang invocation for each source file.

Example directory structure

[10:33:15] ~/code/memo yes? tree -L 2 .
.
├── Memo
│   ├── Memo
│   ├── Memo.xcodeproj
│   ├── Memo.xcworkspace
│   ├── Podfile
│   ├── Podfile.lock
│   └── Pods
└── keys

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38813906/swift-how-to-use-preprocessor-flags-like-if-debug-to-implement-api-keys

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