问题
Given an STL container (you may also take boost::unordered_map and boost::multi_index_container into account) that is non-contiguous, is it guaranteed that the memory addresses of the elements inside the container never changes if no element is removed, (but new ones can be added)?
e.g.
class ABC { };
//
//...
//
std::list<ABC> abclist;
ABC abc;
abclist.insert(abc);
ABC * abc_ptr = &(*abclist.begin());
In other word will abc_ptr be pointed to abc throughout the execution, if I do not remove abc from abc_list.
I am asking this because I am going to wrap the class ABC in C++/Cli, so I need pointers to the ABC instances in the wrapper class. ABC is a simple class and I want the container to handle the memory. If the answer is no then I will use std::list<ABC*>.
回答1:
std::list, std::set, and std::map guarantee that the iterators (including simple pointers) will not be invalidated when a new element is added or even removed.
回答2:
As Armen mentioned std::list, std::set, and std::map are guaranteed to only invalidate the removed iterator. In the case of boost::unodered_map, the modifiers may indeed invalidate iterators.
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_38_0/doc/html/boost/unordered_map.html
回答3:
The C++ Standard places stringent rules on the validity of references / iterators. For each container, each method documents which elements may be moved (invalidating references and iterators).
The Node Based Containers: list, map, set, multimap and multiset guarantee that references and iterators to elements will remain valid as long as the element is not removed from the container.
Your use case is therefore one of the corner cases where using a list for storage is good, because of the invalidation guarantees that list offer.
回答4:
I think it's better to use std::list <shared_ptr <ABC> > instead of passing a pointer.
It's good practice to delegate memory management (see scott meyers effective c++)
This has mulitple advantages:
- you can share them and pass them without the headache of freeing them
- garbage collection of your pointers
- you don't pass a pointer in the first place
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5182122/pointers-to-elements-of-stl-containers