On Ubuntu 16.04 with virtualenv 15.0.1 and Python 3.5.2 (both installed with apt) when I create and activate new Python virtual environment with
virtualenv .virtualenvs/wtf -p $(which python3) --no-site-packages
source .virtualenvs/wtf/bin/activate
I get the following output:
Already using interpreter /usr/bin/python3
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /home/das-g/.virtualenvs/wtf/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /home/das-g/.virtualenvs/wtf/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pkg_resources, pip, wheel...done.
Indeed pip freeze --all lists these 4 packages:
pip==8.1.2
pkg-resources==0.0.0
setuptools==25.2.0
wheel==0.29.0
Though, I'd expect pip freeze (without --all) to omit these implicitly installed packages. It does omit some of them, but not pkg-resources:
pkg-resources==0.0.0
(Same btw. for pip freeze --local)
While this is consistent with the help text
$> pip freeze --help | grep '\--all'
--all Do not skip these packages in the output: pip, setuptools, distribute, wheel
having pkg-resources in the pip freeze output doesn't seem very useful and might even be harmful. (I suspect it's why running pip-sync from pip-tools uninstalls pkg-resources from the virtual environment, subtly breaking the environment thereby.) Is there any good reason why pip freeze lists pkg-resources instead of omitting it, too? As far as I remember, it didn't list it on Ubuntu 14.04 (with Python 3.4).
According to https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/4022, this is a bug resulting from Ubuntu providing incorrect metadata to pip. So, no there does not seem to be a good reason for this behaviour. I filed a follow-up bug with Ubuntu. https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/python-pip/+bug/1635463
I had the same problem in my virtual environment. I removed it with pip uninstall pkg-resources==0.0.0
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38992194/why-does-pip-freeze-list-pkg-resources-0-0-0