Find first element in a sequence that matches a predicate [duplicate]

问题

This question already has an answer here:

Sequence find function in Python 4 answers

I want an idiomatic way to find the first element in a list that matches a predicate.

The current code is quite ugly:

[x for x in seq if predicate(x)][0]

I\'ve thought about changing it to:

from itertools import dropwhile
dropwhile(lambda x: not predicate(x), seq).next()

But there must be something more elegant... And it would be nice if it returns a None value rather than raise an exception if no match is found.

I know I could just define a function like:

def get_first(predicate, seq):
    for i in seq:
        if predicate(i): return i
    return None

But it is quite tasteless to start filling the code with utility functions like this (and people will probably not notice that they are already there, so they tend to be repeated over time) if there are built ins that already provide the same.

回答1:

next(x for x in seq if predicate(x))

It raises StopIteration if there is none.

next(ifilter(predicate, seq), None)

returns None if there is no such element.

回答2:

You could use a generator expression with a default value and then next it:

next((x for x in seq if predicate(x)), None)

Although for this one-liner you need to be using Python >= 2.6.

This rather popular article further discusses this issue: Cleanest Python find-in-list function?.

回答3:

I don't think there's anything wrong with either solutions you proposed in your question.

In my own code, I would implement it like this though:

(x for x in seq if predicate(x)).next()

The syntax with () creates a generator, which is more efficient than generating all the list at once with [].

回答4:

J.F. Sebastian's answer is most elegant but requires python 2.6 as fortran pointed out.

For Python version < 2.6, here's the best I can come up with:

from itertools import repeat,ifilter,chain
chain(ifilter(predicate,seq),repeat(None)).next()

Alternatively if you needed a list later (list handles the StopIteration), or you needed more than just the first but still not all, you can do it with islice:

from itertools import islice,ifilter
list(islice(ifilter(predicate,seq),1))

UPDATE: Although I am personally using a predefined function called first() that catches a StopIteration and returns None, Here's a possible improvement over the above example: avoid using filter / ifilter:

from itertools import islice,chain
chain((x for x in seq if predicate(x)),repeat(None)).next()

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8534256/find-first-element-in-a-sequence-that-matches-a-predicate

标签

python

predicate