python sqlalchemy get column names dynamically?

问题

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from sqlalchemy import create_engine

connection = create_engine('mysql://user:passwd@localhost:3306/db').connect()

result = connection.execute("select * from table")
for v in result:
        print v['id']
        print v['name']
connection.close()

how i can get TABLES COLUMNS NAMES dynamically? in this case id and name

回答1:

You can either find the columns by calling result.keys() or you can access them through calling v.keys() inside the for loop.

Here's an example using items():

for v in result:
    for column, value in v.items():
        print('{0}: {1}'.format(column, value))

回答2:

Most direct solution

Can't get any simpler than a one-liner solution using list comprehension. It also is the most direct method:

[col for col in result.keys()]
# return: ['id', 'name']

@Saul's answer also works, but you'll need to be careful about iterating over only the first element through each cursor.description, lest you get a bunch of None in each tuple of the returned list.

It also is less-efficient, because you need to iterate through the ResultProxy, access the cursor.description attribute and for each of them only retrieve the element at index 0.

Using timeit in Python with 500,000 iterations showed the speed difference (0.016 vs 0.011):

connection = create_engine('sqlite:///rcsample.db').connect()
result = connection.execute("select * from response")
def cursfunc():
    return [ i[0] for i in result.cursor.description ]
print(timeit.timeit("cursfunc()", setup="from __main__ import cursfunc", number=500000))
# return: 0.01606178

While the proposed solution completes in ~30% less time:

connection = create_engine('sqlite:///rcsample.db').connect()
result = connection.execute("select * from response")

def keysfunc():
    return [col for col in result.keys()]
print(timeit.timeit("keysfunc()", setup="from __main__ import cursfunc", number=500000))
# return: 0.01097001

In fact, my suspicion is that the time difference could be greater on a table with more columns than the obviously simplified example above.

In Practice: keys and values

In practice, you'd probably want to print both the key and values dynamically. There are two ways you can go about it. The first:

results = conn.execute('SELECT * FROM salesperson')
[{column:value for column, value in result.items()} for result in results]
# returns: [{'id': 1, 'name': 'John Doe'}, {'id': 2, 'name': 
# 'Margaret'}, {'id': 3, 'name': 'Anna'}]

Alternatively using unpacking:

rows = conn.execute('SELECT * FROM salesperson LIMIT 2').fetchall()
print([{**row} for row in rows])
# returns: [{'id': 1, 'name': 'John Doe'}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Margaret'}]

Both of these methods are direct and pythonic, while also exempt the programmer from having to specify (or know beforehand) the columns names explicitly.

回答3:

something like this

headers=[ i[0] for i in result.cursor.description ]

same question here return column names from pyodbc execute() statement

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8947616/python-sqlalchemy-get-column-names-dynamically