Prolog- return index of an element

问题

I have been stumped for 3 hours now on this problem, I need to find the index of (A,B,C) where A is the index positions of B in list C (or -1 if not in the list). This is what I have so far,

indexof(A,0,[A|_]).
indexof(A,B,[_|C]):- Y is B-1, indexof(A,Y,C).

it gives the element at the index spot B, which is not what I want.

indexof(A,1,[1]).

should return A=0;A=-1.

I am horrible at Prolog, I've done Java my whole life, so please also provide explanations.

回答1:

You can use the builtin predicate nth1/3 which can be used directly to achieve what you want.

indexof(Index, Item, List):-
  nth1(Index, List, Item).
indexof(-1, _, _).

[edited after OP rephrased question]

The first clause enumerates the index of the item in the list, and the second clause just unifies Index with -1 per OP requirement.

回答2:

Try the following

indexof(A,0,[A|_]).
indexof(_,-1,[]).
indexof(A,D,[_|C]):- indexof(A,B,C), B > -1, D is B+1. 
indexof(A,D,[_|C]):- indexof(A,B,C), B = -1, D is B.

You needed to have the base case for [] and the increment logic for -1 as well

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9848401/prolog-return-index-of-an-element