What is the proper way to create a new generic struct?

问题

I'm trying to make a generic struct that can be initialized to something of type T. It looks like this:

pub struct MyStruct<T> {
    test_field: Option<T>,
    name: String,
    age: i32,
}

impl MyStruct<T> {
    fn new(new_age: i32, new_name: String) -> MyStruct<T> {
        MyStruct<T> {
            test_field: None,
            age: new_age,
            name: new_name,
        }
    }
}

This doesn't seem to work. Among other errors, I get:

error: chained comparison operators require parentheses
 --> src/lib.rs:9:17
  |
9 |         MyStruct<T> {
  |                 ^^^^^
  |

回答1:

I highly recommend reading The Rust Programming Language. It covers basics like this, and the Rust team spent a lot of time to make it good! Specifically, the section on generics would probably have helped here.

You don't need to use <T> when instantiating the struct. The type for T will be inferred. You will need to declare that T is a generic type on the impl block:

struct MyStruct<T> {
    test_field: Option<T>,
    name: String,
    age: i32,
}

impl<T> MyStruct<T> {
//  ^^^
    fn new(new_age: i32, new_name: String) -> MyStruct<T> {
        MyStruct {
            test_field: None,
            age: new_age,
            name: new_name,
        }
    }
}

As DK. points out, you could choose to specify the type parameter using the turbofish syntax (::<>):

MyStruct::<T> {
//      ^^^^^
    test_field: None,
    age: new_age,
    name: new_name,
}

Modern compiler versions actually tell you this now:

  = help: use `::<...>` instead of `<...>` if you meant to specify type arguments
  = help: or use `(...)` if you meant to specify fn arguments

I've only ever seen something like this when the types are ambiguous, which doesn't happen very often.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30399953/what-is-the-proper-way-to-create-a-new-generic-struct

标签

generics

struct

rust