In my servlet I gave both out.print and out.write. but both prints in the browser.
What is the exact difference between these two and when to use out.print and out.write ?
The basic difference is that out.write() explodes if you pass it a null:
String s = null;
out.print(s); // outputs the text "null"
out.write(s); // NullPointerException
public void write(String s)
Write a string. This method cannot be inherited from the Writer class because it must suppress I/O exceptions.
print method has higher level of abstraction.
public void print(String s)
Print a string. If the argument is null then the string "null" is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
Hope this helps.
There are three major differences:
1) If you try to print a null value of a String with out.write() , It will throw NullPointerException while out.print() will simply print NULL as a string.
String name = null;
out.write(name); // NullPointerException
out.print(name); // 'Null' as text will be printed
2) out.print() can print Boolean values but out.write() can not.
boolean b = true;
out.write(b); // Compilation error
out.print(b); // 'true' will be printed
3) If you are using out.write(), you simply can not place arithmetic operation code but out.print() provides the support.
out.write(10+20); // No output will be displayed.
out.print(10+20); // Output '30' will be displayed.
The out variable in your case is most likely refers to a PrintWriter
Just compare the description of write...
public void write(String s)Write a string. This method cannot be inherited from the Writer class because it must suppress I/O exceptions.
... with the description of println ...
public void println(String x)Print a String and then terminate the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(String) and then println().
... and print ...
public void print(String s)Print a string. If the argument is null then the string "null" is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
All in all I'd say that the print methods work on a higher level of abstraction and is the one I prefer to work with when writing servlets.
PrintWriter's implementation communicates the difference better than javadoc
public void print(String s) {
if (s == null) {
s = "null";
}
write(s);
}
I simply know it as like this:
out.println() is method of javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter
out.write() is method of java.io.Writer
First thing is you can't use javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out in a servlet. It has to be used in a .jsp file, because out is a method local variable in _jspService(...) method of your .jsp file.
There is no difference in the purpose of using
out.print()andout.write(). Both are used to write theStringversion of the given object to JspWriter's buffer.
However, JspWriter.print() is capable of taking many types of arguments than Writer.write().
JspWriter.print()
- Object
- String
- boolean
- char
- char[]
- double
- float
- int
- long
Writer.write()
- String
- char
- int
write() method only writes characters to stream(or console) but does not print, while print() method writes and print it on stream (or console).
System.out.write(97);
System.out.print('j');
first statement writes character 97 i.e 'a' on console but does not print, while second statement prints 'a' which is written already on stream and 'j' which is passed in print() method.
out.write(-) vs out.print(-)
One more difference is out.write(-) method just write data or object to browser like a file. You can not write any statement like out.write(10*20); but we do this with out.print(10*20);
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18338134/what-is-the-exact-difference-between-out-write-and-out-print