selenium tests fail against headless chrome

问题

I am trying to get my selenium test automation to run against headless chrome so that I can move it to TeamCity. I have not had any luck. When I run it, Chrome does appear to run headlessly (no browser pops up), but I get a NoSuchElementException. The automation works as expected when run non-headlessly. A snapshot taken just shows a white rectangle.

I have researched this issue extensively, but I have not been able to find a solution that works for me. It appears that the issue was reported in https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromedriver/issues/detail?id=476, but it's marked fixed. I think the problem might be the wrong chromedriver, or maybe the wrong chromedriver/selenium combination, but I've tried all sorts of combinations and no love.

I am using:

selenium-java 3.6.0
chromedriver 2.33.506120
Windows 7 Enterprise Service Pack1, 64-bit

My code is:

...
ChromeOptions headlessOptions = new ChromeOptions();
headlessOptions.addArguments("--start-maximized");
headlessOptions.addArguments("--headless");
driver = new ChromeDriver(headlessOptions);
driver.get(url);
WebElement usernameTextfield = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".input.username"));
...

And the output is:

Starting ChromeDriver 2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f) on port 41402
Only local connections are allowed.
Nov 01, 2017 10:22:51 AM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: OSS

org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"css selector","selector":".input.username"}
  (Session info: headless chrome=62.0.3202.75)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.33.506120 (e3e53437346286c0bc2d2dc9aa4915ba81d9023f),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7601 SP1 x86_64) (WARNING: The server did not provide any stacktrace information)
Command duration or timeout: 0 milliseconds

This is preventing me from being able to include my test automation as part of our CI, so any help would be very much appreciated.

回答1:

I had the same issue, the local server was using selfsigned certificate, here is the combination that worked for me:

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--headless");
options.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
options.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
options.addArguments("--allow-insecure-localhost");

回答2:

This is what worked for me:

var chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();                        
chromeOptions.AddArguments("--headless");
chromeOptions.AddArguments("--disable-gpu");
chromeOptions.AddArguments("--window-size=1280,800");
chromeOptions.AddArguments("--allow-insecure-localhost");

//specifically this line here :)
chromeOptions.AddAdditionalCapability("acceptInsecureCerts", true, true);

Found from https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=721739

回答3:

Try this:

final ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();

options.addArguments("--headless");
options.addArguments("--window-size=1280,800");

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

回答4:

Your chromedriver/selenium combination looks perfect. Seems to me a puely synchronization issue. We need to induce some wait to syck up as follows:

driver.get(url);
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
WebElement usernameTextfield = wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".input.username"))));
usernameTextfield.sendKeys("user_name");

回答5:

For anyone who may stumble here with this error, but is utilizing python.

I was having issues with a script working only when headless was not utilized.

Initially, I had my options looking like this:

options = Options()
options.headless = True

After finding this thread, I altered my options to the following:

options = Options()
options.add_argument("--headless");
options.add_argument("--window-size=1440, 900")

It appears that headless windows are formatted differently when selenium navigates the page. Go figure. This solved all of my issues.

回答6:

I had the exact same problem.

You need to add to your options your computer's user agent, To search your user agent just type in google: ״my user agent״

Then add it to the options: options.add_argument("your-user-agent")

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47061662/selenium-tests-fail-against-headless-chrome

标签

google-chrome

selenium

headless