How to add data to nested serializers?

问题

I'm trying to add data to my database by rest API and I have some problems with adding the data. So basically I have added this data from the admin page, but I want to add this from my other python by using requests. When I'm sending post request it shows me that it has been added, but sensor array is empty

[
    {
        "id": 1,
        "name": "Stacja 1",
        "delay_time": 123,
        "sensor": [
            {
                "id": 1,
                "name": "DS18B20",
                "type": "temperature",
                "date_created": "2020-06-26T16:30:28.657804Z",
                "value": 123.0,
                "index": 0
            },
            {
                "id": 2,
                "name": "DHT22",
                "type": "Humidity",
                "date_created": "2020-06-26T16:30:44.043847Z",
                "value": 1233.0,
                "index": 1
            },
            {
                "id": 3,
                "name": "DS18B20",
                "type": "temperature",
                "date_created": "2020-06-26T16:37:07.304961Z",
                "value": 1233.0,
                "index": 0
            }
        ]
    },
    {
        "id": 2,
        "name": "Stacja 1",
        "delay_time": 300,
        "sensor": []
    }
]

models.py

from django.db import models
class Sensor(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='null', blank=True)
    type = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='null', blank=True)
    date_created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)
    value = models.FloatField(null=True)
    index = models.IntegerField(null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.name) + ' ' + str(self.type) + ' ' + ' index:' + str(self.index) + ' value:' + str(self.value)


class Station(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='null', blank=True)
    delay_time = models.IntegerField(null=True)
    sensor = models.ManyToManyField(Sensor, null=True, default='null', blank=True)

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from .models import Sensor, Station


class SensorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Sensor
        fields = '__all__'


class StationSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Station
        fields = '__all__'
        depth = 1

adddata.py

import json
import requests
import serial
import time
ser = serial.Serial(

    port='/dev/ttyS0',
    baudrate = 9600,
    bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
    stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
    parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
    timeout=1,
    )

payload={
    "username":["xxxxx"],
    "password":["xxxxxxxxx"]
}

while 1:
    x = ser.readline()
    try:
        payload2 = json.loads(x)
        r = requests.post('http://192.168.1.16/api/token/', data=payload)
        jsondata = r.json()
        headers = {}
        headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + jsondata['access']
        print(jsondata['access'])
        r = requests.post('http://192.168.1.16/data/station/', headers=headers, data=payload2)
        print(r.text)
    except:
    continue

payload2 looks like

{
  "name": "Stacja 1",
  "delay_time": 300,
  "sensor": [
    {
      "name": "DS18B20",
      "type": "temperature",
      "value": 26.5,
      "index": 0
    },
    {
      "name": "DHT22",
      "type": "temperature",
      "value": 26.5,
      "index": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "DHT22",
      "type": "humidity",
      "value": 66,
      "index": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "battery",
      "type": "voltage",
      "value": 2.104492,
      "index": 2
    }
  ]
}

回答1:

I have tried for single station and multiple sensors, but I guess you will be able to modify it accordingly.

dataset

{
  "name": "Stacja 1",
  "delay_time": 300,
  "sensors": [
    {
      "name": "DHT22",
      "type": "temperature",
      "value": 26.5,
      "index": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "DHT22",
      "type": "humidity",
      "value": 66,
      "index": 1
    },
    {
      "name": "battery",
      "type": "voltage",
      "value": 2.104492,
      "index": 2
    }
  ]
}

serializers.py

class SensorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Sensor
        fields = '__all__'


class StationSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    sensors = SensorSerializer(many=True)

    class Meta:
        model = Station
        fields = '__all__'
    
    def create(self, validated_data):
        sensor_data = validated_data.pop('sensors')
        station = Station.objects.create(**validated_data)
        station.save()
        for sensor in sensor_data:
            s = Sensor.objects.create(**sensor)
            station.sensors.add(s.id)
        
        return station

Django docs suggests, object needs to saved before associating it with any model in case of ManyToManyField. So your station object needs to be saved before you add ManyToMany relation to it.

And here is my views.py

class AddStationAndSensorsView(CreateAPIView):
    serializer_class = StationSerializer

    def post(self, request):
        serializer = StationSerializer(data=request.data)
        if serializer.is_valid():
            serializer.save()
            return Response({'message': ['Added']}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        else:
            return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_406_NOT_ACCEPTABLE)

NOTE: I have renamed sensor to sensors in Station model.

models.py

from django.db import models


class Sensor(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='null', blank=True)
    type = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='null', blank=True)
    date_created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null=True)
    value = models.FloatField(null=True)
    index = models.IntegerField(null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.name) + ' ' + str(self.type) + ' ' + ' index:' + str(self.index) + ' value:' + str(self.value)


class Station(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, default='null', blank=True)
    delay_time = models.IntegerField(null=True)
    sensors = models.ManyToManyField(Sensor, null=True, default='null', blank=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

回答2:

Try adding a PrimaryKeyRelatedField to your Station serializer:

class StationSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    sensor = serializers.PrimaryKeyRelatedField(many=True)
    class Meta:
        model = Station
        fields = '__all__'
        depth = 1

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/62603654/how-to-add-data-to-nested-serializers