Fill between subplots with matplotlib cmap

问题

I have 2 line plots on the same figure, plotted from pandas dataframes.

I want to fill between them with a gradient/colour map of sorts.

I understand I can do this with a cmap, only it will not work for me (see code below).

General example I found are filling between x axis and line, i do not want that and also i am interested in simplest solution possible for this as i am a begginer at this and complicated, though maybe better code will just make it more confusing honestly.

Code for which fill is plain blue:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pandas as pd

ax = plt.gca()

df0.plot(kind='line', x='something', y='other', color='orange', ax=ax, legend=False, figsize=(20,10))
df1.plot(kind='line', x='something', y='other2', color='c', ax=ax, legend=False, figsize=(20,10))

ax.fill_between(x=df0['daysInAYear'], y1=df0['other'], y2 = df1['other2'], alpha=0.2, cmap=plt.cm.get_cmap("winter"))
plt.show()

EDIT/UPDATE: DATA EXAMPLE other is ALWAYS >= other2

other  other2  something (same for both)
15.6    -16.0      1
13.9    -26.7      2
13.3    -26.7      3
10.6    -26.1      4
12.8    -15.0      5

Final graph example:

I would like the fill to go from orange on top to blue at the bottom

回答1:

Edit

In response to the edited question, here is an alternative approach which does the gradient vertically but doesn't use imshow.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from  matplotlib import colors, patches
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

n = 100
nc = 100

x = np.linspace(0, np.pi*5, n)
y1 = [-50.0]
y2 = [50.0]
for ii in range(1, n):
    y1.append(y1[ii-1] + (np.random.random()-0.3)*3)
    y2.append(y2[ii-1] + (np.random.random()-0.5)*3)
y1 = np.array(y1)
y2 = np.array(y2)
z = np.linspace(0, 10, nc)
normalize = colors.Normalize(vmin=z.min(), vmax=z.max())
cmap = plt.cm.get_cmap('winter')

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1)
for ii in range(len(df['x'].values)-1):
    y = np.linspace(y1[ii], y2[ii], nc)
    yn = np.linspace(y1[ii+1], y2[ii+1], nc)
    for kk in range(nc - 1):
        p = patches.Polygon([[x[ii], y[kk]], 
                             [x[ii+1], yn[kk]], 
                             [x[ii+1], yn[kk+1]], 
                             [x[ii], y[kk+1]]], color=cmap(normalize(z[kk])))
        ax.add_patch(p)

plt.plot(x, y1, 'k-', lw=1)
plt.plot(x, y2, 'k-', lw=1)
plt.show()

The idea here being similar to that in my original answer, except the trapezoids are divided into nc pieces and each piece is colored separately. This has the advantage of scaling correctly for varying y1[ii], y2[ii] distances, as shown in this comparison,

It does, however, have the disadvantages of being much, much slower than imshow or the horizontal gradient method and of being unable to handle 'crossing' correctly.

The code to generate the second image in the above comparison:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import patches
from matplotlib.path import Path

x = np.linspace(0, 10, n)
y1 = [-50.0]
y2 = [50.0]
for ii in range(1, n):
    y1.append(y1[ii-1] + (np.random.random()-0.2)*3)
    y2.append(y2[ii-1] + (np.random.random()-0.5)*3)
y1 = np.array(y1)
y2 = np.array(y2)

verts = np.vstack([np.stack([x, y1], 1), np.stack([np.flip(x), np.flip(y2)], 1)])
path = Path(verts)

patch = patches.PathPatch(path, facecolor='k', lw=2, alpha=0.0)
plt.gca().add_patch(patch)

plt.imshow(np.arange(10).reshape(10,-1), cmap=plt.cm.winter, interpolation="bicubic",
             origin='upper', extent=[0,10,-60,60], aspect='auto', clip_path=patch, 
             clip_on=True)
plt.show()

Original

This is a bit of a hack, partly based on the answers in this question. It does seem to work fairly well but works best with higher density along the x axis. The idea is to call fill_between separately for each trapezoid corresponding to x pairs, [x[ii], x[ii+1]]. Here is a complete example using some generated data

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from  matplotlib import colors
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

n = 1000

X = np.linspace(0, np.pi*5, n)
Y1 = np.sin(X)
Y2 = np.cos(X)
Z = np.linspace(0, 10, n)
normalize = colors.Normalize(vmin=Z.min(), vmax=Z.max())
cmap = plt.cm.get_cmap('winter')

df = pd.DataFrame({'x': X, 'y1': Y1, 'y2': Y2, 'z': Z})
x = df['x'].values
y1 = df['y1'].values
y2 = df['y2'].values
z = df['z'].values

for ii in range(len(df['x'].values)-1):
    plt.fill_between([x[ii], x[ii+1]], [y1[ii], y1[ii+1]], 
                     [y2[ii], y2[ii+1]], color=cmap(normalize(z[ii])))

plt.plot(x, y1, 'k-', x, y2, 'k-')
plt.show()

This can be generalized to a 2 dimensional color grid but would require non-trivial modification

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59535864/fill-between-subplots-with-matplotlib-cmap

标签

python

matplotlib

gradient