How to remove all text between the outer parentheses in a string?

问题

When I have a string like this:

s1 = 'stuff(remove_me)'

I can easily remove the parentheses and the text within using

# returns 'stuff'
res1 = re.sub(r'\([^)]*\)', '', s1)

as explained here.

But I sometimes encounter nested expressions like this:

s2 = 'stuff(remove(me))'

When I run the command from above, I end up with

'stuff)'

I also tried:

re.sub('\(.*?\)', '', s2)

which gives me the same output.

How can I remove everything within the outer parentheses - including the parentheses themselves - so that I also end up with 'stuff' (which should work for arbitrarily complex expressions)?

回答1:

re matches are eager so they try to match as much text as possible, for the simple test case you mention just let the regex run:

>>> re.sub(r'\(.*\)', '', 'stuff(remove(me))')
'stuff'

回答2:

NOTE: \(.*\) matches the first ( from the left, then matches any 0+ characters (other than a newline if a DOTALL modifier is not enabled) up to the last ), and does not account for properly nested parentheses.

To remove nested parentheses correctly with a regular expression in Python, you may use a simple \([^()]*\) (matching a (, then 0+ chars other than ( and ) and then a )) in a while block using re.subn:

def remove_text_between_parens(text):
    n = 1  # run at least once
    while n:
        text, n = re.subn(r'\([^()]*\)', '', text)  # remove non-nested/flat balanced parts
    return text

Bascially: remove the (...) with no ( and ) inside until no match is found. Usage:

print(remove_text_between_parens('stuff (inside (nested) brackets) (and (some(are)) here) here'))
# => stuff   here

A non-regex way is also possible:

def removeNestedParentheses(s):
    ret = ''
    skip = 0
    for i in s:
        if i == '(':
            skip += 1
        elif i == ')'and skip > 0:
            skip -= 1
        elif skip == 0:
            ret += i
    return ret

x = removeNestedParentheses('stuff (inside (nested) brackets) (and (some(are)) here) here')
print(x)              
# => 'stuff   here'

See another Python demo

回答3:

As mentioned before, you'd need a recursive regex for matching arbitrary levels of nesting but if you know there can only be a maximum of one level of nesting have a try with this pattern:

\((?:[^)(]|\([^)(]*\))*\)

[^)(] matches a character, that is not a parenthesis (negated class).
|\([^)(]*\) or it matches another ( ) pair with any amount of non )( inside.
(?:...)* all this any amount of times inside ( )

Here is a demo at regex101

Before the alternation used [^)(] without + quantifier to fail faster if unbalanced.
You need to add more levels of nesting that might occure. Eg for max 2 levels:

\((?:[^)(]|\((?:[^)(]|\([^)(]*\))*\))*\)

Another demo at regex101

回答4:

If you are sure that the parentheses are initially balanced, just use the greedy version:

re.sub(r'\(.*\)', '', s2)

回答5:

https://regex101.com/r/kQ2jS3/1

'(\(.*\))'

This captures the furthest parentheses, and everything in between the parentheses.

Your old regex captures the first parentheses, and everything between to the next parentheses.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37528373/how-to-remove-all-text-between-the-outer-parentheses-in-a-string

标签

python

regex

parentheses