Rewriting nginx for pushState-URL's

Question

I am trying to get nginx to work with my pushState-based URI handling that backbone.js manages for me in an Javascript app.

Right now accessing URI's with one level, eg. example.com/users works well, but not two-level or deeper URI's, such as example.com/users/all, which is mentioned in the Backbone documentation:

For example, if you have a route of /documents/100, your web server must be able to serve that page, if the browser visits that URL directly

So, being far from acquainted with nginx's rewrite options, I am still sure that I can do something like rewrite ^ /index.html; to redirect everything to my index.html, but loosing out on any eventual static files (images, javascript & css) stored on the same server which I need to be able to access.

So what should I do instead with the below shown, current configuration, to make this work?

server {
    listen   80;
    server_name  example.com;

    location / {
        root   /var/www/example.com;
        try_files $uri /index.html;
    }

}

Answer 1

Here is what i did to my application. Every route ending with a '/' (except the root it self) will serve index.html :

  location ~ ^/.+/$ {
    rewrite .* /index.html last;
  }

You can also prefix your route :

Backbone.history.start({pushState: true, root: "/prefix/"})

and then :

  location ~ ^/prefix/ {
    rewrite .* /index.html last;
  }

Or define a rule for each case.

Answer 2

I ended up going with this solution:

server {

    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com;

    # Any route containing a file extension (e.g. /devicesfile.js)
    location ~ ^.+\..+$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
    }

    # Any route that doesn't have a file extension (e.g. /devices)
    location / {
        try_files $uri /index.html;
    }

}

This way, at least I still get proper 404 errors if a file isn't found.

Answer 3

I managed it like this:

#set root and index
root /var/www/conferences/video/;
index  index.html;

#route all requests that don't serve a file through index.html
location / {
   if (!-e $request_filename){
      rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.html break;
   }
}

Answer 4

With client side app paths:

/
/foo
/foo/bar
/foo/bar/baz
/foo/bar/baz/123
/tacos
/tacos/123

Use:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com;

    gzip_static on;

    location / {
      try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    # Attempt to load static files, if not found route to @rootfiles
    location ~ (.+)\.(html|json|txt|js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png|svg|ico|eot|otf|woff|woff2|ttf)$ {
      try_files $uri @rootfiles;
    }

    # Check for app route "directories" in the request uri and strip "directories"
    # from request, loading paths relative to root.
    location @rootfiles {
      rewrite ^/(?:foo/bar/baz|foo/bar|foo|tacos)/(.*) /$1 redirect;
    }
}

While @Adam-Waite's answer works for the root and paths at the root level, using if within the location context is considered an antipattern, often seen when converting Apache style directives. See: http://wiki.nginx.org/IfIsEvil.

The other answers do not cover routes with directory depth for my use case in a similar React app using react-router and HTML5 pushState enabled. When a route is loaded or refreshed within a "directory" such as example.com/foo/bar/baz/213123 my index.html file will reference the js file at a relative path and resolve to example.com/foo/bar/baz/js/app.js instead of example.com/js/app.js.

For cases with directory depth beyond the first level such as /foo/bar/baz, note the order of the directories declared in the @rootfiles directive: the longest possible paths need to go first, followed by the next shallower path /foo/bar and finally /foo.

Answer 5

Since there may be ajax request api, the following suits for this case,

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/example.com;

    # Any route containing a file extension (e.g. /devicesfile.js)
    location ~ ^.+\..+$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
    }

    # Any route that doesn't have a file extension (e.g. /devices)
    location / {
        try_files $uri /index.html;
    }

    # The location block above provides the shortest prefix, of length one, 
    # and so only if all other location blocks fail to provide a match, 
    # this block will be used.

    # Ajax api starts with /v1/ will be proxied
    location /v1/ {
        proxy_pass http://proxy;
    }
}