Clojure: Convert hash-maps key strings to keywords?

问题

I'm pulling data from Redis using Aleph:

(apply hash-map @(@r [:hgetall (key-medication id)]))

The problem is this data comes back with strings for keys, for ex:

({"name" "Tylenol", "how" "instructions"})

When I need it to be:

({:name "Tylenol", :how "instructions})

I was previously creating a new map via:

{ :name (m "name"), :how (m "how")}

But this is inefficient for a large amount of keys.

If there a function that does this? Or do I have to loop through each?

回答1:

There is a handy function called keyword that converts Strings into the appropriate keywords:

(keyword "foo")
=> :foo

So it's just a case of transforming all the keys in your map using this function.

I'd probably use a list comprehension with destructuring to do this, something like:

(into {} 
  (for [[k v] my-map] 
    [(keyword k) v]))

回答2:

You can also use the clojure.walk library to achieve the desired result with the function keywordize-keys

(use 'clojure.walk)
(keywordize-keys {"name" "Tylenol", "how" "instructions"})
;=> {:name "Tylenol", :how "instructions"}

This will walk the map recursively as well so it will "keywordize" keys in nested map too

http://clojuredocs.org/clojure_core/clojure.walk/keywordize-keys

回答3:

I agree with djhworld, clojure.walk/keywordize-keys is what you want.

It's worth peeking at the source code of clojure.walk/keywordize-keys:

(defn keywordize-keys
  "Recursively transforms all map keys from strings to keywords."
  [m]
  (let [f (fn [[k v]] (if (string? k) [(keyword k) v] [k v]))]
    (clojure.walk/postwalk (fn [x] (if (map? x) (into {} (map f x)) x)) m)))

The inverse transform is sometimes handy for java interop:

(defn stringify-keys
  "Recursively transforms all map keys from keywords to strings."
  [m]
  (let [f (fn [[k v]] (if (keyword? k) [(name k) v] [k v]))]
    (clojure.walk/postwalk (fn [x] (if (map? x) (into {} (map f x)) x)) m)))

回答4:

You can achieve this very elegantly using zipmap:

(defn modify-keys [f m] (zipmap (map f (keys m)) (vals m)))
(modify-keys keyword {"name" "Tylenol", "how" "instructions"})
; {:how "instructions", :name "Tylenol"}

Basically, zipmap allows to create a map by specifying keys and values separately.

回答5:

Perhaps it is worth noting that, if the incoming data is json and you are using clojure.data.json, you can specify both a key-fn and a value-fn for manipulating results on parsing the string (docs) -

;; Examples from the docs

(ns example
  (:require [clojure.data.json :as json]))


(json/read-str "{\"a\":1,\"b\":2}" :key-fn keyword) 
;;=> {:a 1, :b 2}

(json/read-str "{\"a\":1,\"b\":2}" :key-fn #(keyword "com.example" %))
;;=> {:com.example/a 1, :com.example/b 2}

回答6:

I second @mikera's into based answer. Alternatively, not the most concise but, another option using assoc+dissoc/reduce would be:

(reduce #(dissoc (assoc %1 (keyword %2) (get %1 %2)) %2) my-map (keys may-map))

回答7:

Using the keyword function and reduce-kv.

If I have a map e.g.

 (def test-map {"key1" "val1" "key2" "val2"}

I can do

(reduce-kv 
     (fn [m k v] 
        (assoc m (keyword k) v)) 
      {} test-map)

 => {:key1 "val1" :key2 "val2"}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9406156/clojure-convert-hash-maps-key-strings-to-keywords

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clojure