问题
I just committed the wrong source to my project using --force option.
Is it possible to revert? I understand that all previous branches have been overwritten using -f option, so I may have screwed up my previous revisions.
回答1:
Git generally doesn't throw anything away, but recovering from this may still be tricky.
If you have the correct source then you could just push it into the remote with the --force option. Git won't have deleted any branches unless you told it to. If you have actually lost commits then take a look at this useful guide to recovering commits. If you know the SHA-1 of the commits you want then you're probably OK.
Best thing to do: Back everything up and see what is still in your local repository. Do the same on the remote if possible. Use git fsck to see if you can recover things, and above all DO NOT run git gc.
Above above all, never use the --force option unless you really, really mean it.
回答2:
If you know the commit hash, it's easy, just recreate your branch.
5794458...b459f069 master -> master (forced update)
Delete the remote branch:
git push origin :master
then recreate your branch with the following commands:
git checkout 5794458
git branch master
git push origin master
回答3:
The solution is already mentioned here
# work on local master
git checkout master
# reset to the previous state of origin/master, as recorded by reflog
git reset --hard origin/master@{1}
# at this point verify that this is indeed the desired commit.
# (if necessary, use git reflog to find the right one, and
# git reset --hard to that one)
# finally, push the master branch (and only the master branch) to the server
git push -f origin master
回答4:
If you are not on that local repo where the forced push came from, at origin/master level there is no way to recover. But if you are lucky enough to use GitHub or GitHub for Enterprise, you can have a look to the REST API and retrieve lost commit as patch, example:
- List events and find the commit sha1 long format
https://api.github.com/repos/apache/logging-log4j2/events
- Download the lost commit and retrieve the related patch in the json path .files[]/patch
https://api.github.com/repos/apache/logging-log4j2/commits/889232e28f3863d2a17392c06c1dd8cac68485de
- Apply locally and push again
git apply patch.patch && git commit -m "restored commit" && git push origin master
回答5:
I did the same thing while undoing a last push for only one file. Ended up going to back to original state of the repository. I was using git commands from Linus as I had the local copy on Linux. Luckily that copy was still intact.
All I did was (after frantically making few more copies of the local repo):
git add .
git status
(it said that origin/master was ahead by 68 commits, fine ... those were all the commits I deleted)
git remote set-url origin <GIT_SSH_URL>
git push
And everything got restored the way it was before I did forceful push. The most important thing to remember is never to do a git checkout . after you had forcefully pushed. But the best practice is to disable push option. I am never using it ever again. Learnt my lesson!!
回答6:
Another way to recover the lost commit or even to figure out what commits were lost, if the previous push came not from your local repo, is to look at your CI machine.
If you have a job which tests the master branch after every commit (or series of consecutive commits), which you should have, you can have a look what it was testing last. That is the commit you need to restore.
The CI machine may even keep a local clone of the repo, from which you may be able to perform this recovery.
Source: probably Continuous Delivery: Reliable Software Releases through Build, Test, and Deployment Automation (Addison-Wesley Signature Series (Fowler))
回答7:
Here you can read decisions https://evilmartians.com/chronicles/git-push---force-and-how-to-deal-with-it
The second one helped me. I did wrong these commands
1) (some-branch) git pull -> correct command was git pull origin some-branch
2) (some-branch) git push -f origin some-branch
After these commands I lost three commits. To recover them I looked to terminal where I did wrongly 'git pull' and have seen there output like
60223bf...0b258eb some-branch -> origin/some-branch
The second hash 0b258eb was exactly what I needed. So, I took this hash and produce command
git push --force origin 0b258eb:some-branch
回答8:
Yes you can recover commits after git push -f your_branch
Text from Doc:
Prune entries older than the specified time. If this option is not specified, the expiration time is taken from the configuration setting gc.reflogExpire, which in turn defaults to 90 days. --expire=all prunes entries regardless of their age; --expire=never turns off pruning of reachable entries (but see --expire-unreachable).
So you can do:
1- git reflog
2- you choose Head_Number does you want recover with git reset –hard HEAD@{HEAD-NUMBER}
3- you can see all commits on this head by git cherry -v branch_name
4- in the end you should force push git push -f branch_name
OR
1- get the number of SHA from your GIT client (interface)
git reset --hard commit_SHA
2- force push
git push -f your_branch
Hope this helps
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3973994/how-can-i-recover-from-an-erronous-git-push-f-origin-master