centos环境下安装docker

目前Docker支持centos 7及以后版本。
本文中使用的是centos7系统。

安装所需的软件包

$ sudo yum install update
$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

设置稳定的仓库

官方源

$ sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

有时由于网络问题，无法访问官方源，也可以添加国内源：

$ sudo yum-config-manager \
    --add-repo \
    https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

安装docker

$ sudo yum install docker-ce

安装过程中，也会将docker-ce-cli, containerd.io 作为依赖进行安装。

启动docker

sudo systemctl start docker

查看docker进程是否已经启动：

$ ps -ef| grep docker
root     12486     1  0 23:21 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
lanyang  12639 10783  0 23:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker

查看docker版本信息：

[lanyang@localhost ~]$ sudo docker version
Client: Docker Engine - Community
 Version:           19.03.5
 API version:       1.40
 Go version:        go1.12.12
 Git commit:        633a0ea
 Built:             Wed Nov 13 07:25:41 2019
 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
 Experimental:      false

Server: Docker Engine - Community
 Engine:
  Version:          19.03.5
  API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:       go1.12.12
  Git commit:       633a0ea
  Built:            Wed Nov 13 07:24:18 2019
  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.2.10
  GitCommit:        b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
 runc:
  Version:          1.0.0-rc8+dev
  GitCommit:        3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.18.0
  GitCommit:        fec3683

通过运行 hello-world 映像来验证是否正确安装了 Docker Engine-Community

[lanyang@localhost ~]$ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Already exists 
Digest: sha256:9572f7cdcee8591948c2963463447a53466950b3fc15a247fcad1917ca215a2f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

上面的输出，表示docker已经安装成功。

执行hello-world的过程如下：.

Docker client连接 Docker daemon，将请求发送给Docker daemon。
Docker daemon 从Docker Hub拉取"hello-world"映像。
Docker daemon 使用拉取的映像，创建一个新的容器，在容器中执行可执行文件，并得到输出。
Docker daemon 将输出发给Docker client，Docker client再请输出发送到终端显示。

来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/lanyangsh/p/12244956.html

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