正则表达式通常被用来检索或替换那些符合某个模式的文本内容,根据指定的匹配模式匹配文本中符合要求的特殊字符串.例如从一个文本文件中提取电话号码,查找一篇文章中重复的单词或者替换用户输入的某些敏感词语等,这些地方都可以使用正则表达式,正则表达式强大且灵活,可以应用于非常复杂的查询,MySQL中使用REGEXP关键字指定正则表达式的字符匹配模式,先来看一下下表常用的正则规则吧:
| 通配符 | 说明信息 | 匹配例子 |
|---|---|---|
| ^ | 匹配文本的开头字符 | '^b'匹配开头是b的字符串 |
| $ | 匹配文本的结束字符 | 'st$'匹配结尾是st的字符 |
| . | 匹配任意单个字符 | 'b.t'匹配任意b和t之间有1个字符 |
| * | 匹配0个或多个任意字符 | 'f*n'匹配字符n前面任意个字符f |
| + | 匹配前面字符1次或多次 | 'ba+'匹配以b开头后面紧跟至少1个a |
| [^] | 匹配不在括号中的任何字符 | '[^ab]'匹配开头不包括,a或b字幕的 |
| 匹配包含指定字符串的文本 | 'aaa'匹配字符串aaa | |
| [字符集合] | 匹配字符集合中任意1个字符 | '[xz]'匹配x或者z |
| 字符串{n,} | 匹配前面字符至少出现n次 | 'b{2}'匹配2个或多个b |
| 字符串{n,m} | 匹配前面字符至少出现n次不大于m次 | 'b{2,3}'匹配最少2个,最多3个b |
以上就是MariaDB所支持的所有匹配通配符,这里内容虽然较少,但是还是要独立出来一个章节,正则在数据的批量遍历中能起到至关重要的作用,应该认真掌握.
字符(^):匹配以特定字符或者字符串开头的文本
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段以字母b开头的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP '^b'; +-----+-----+------------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+------------+-------+ | b1 | 101 | blackberry | 10.20 | | b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 | | t1 | 102 | bannana | 10.30 | +-----+-----+------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段以字母be开头的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP '^be'; +-----+-----+-------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+-------+-------+ | b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 | +-----+-----+-------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
字符($):匹配以特定字符或者字符串结尾的文本
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段以字母y结尾的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP 'y$'; +-----+-----+------------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+------------+-------+ | b1 | 101 | blackberry | 10.20 | | b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 | | c0 | 101 | cherry | 3.20 | | m2 | 105 | xbabay | 2.60 | +-----+-----+------------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段以字母bay结尾的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP 'bay$'; +-----+-----+--------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+--------+-------+ | m2 | 105 | xbabay | 2.60 | +-----+-----+--------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
字符(.):匹配任意一个字符
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段值包含字母a与g且两个字母之间只有一个字母的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP 'a.g'; +-----+-----+--------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+--------+-------+ | bs1 | 102 | orange | 11.20 | | m1 | 106 | mango | 15.70 | +-----+-----+--------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字符(*):匹配前面的字符任意多次,包括0次
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段以字母b开头并且b后面出现字母a的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP '^ba*'; +-----+-----+------------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+------------+-------+ | b1 | 101 | blackberry | 10.20 | | b2 | 104 | berry | 7.60 | | t1 | 102 | bannana | 10.30 | +-----+-----+------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字符(+):匹配前面的字符至少一次
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段以字母b开头,且b后面出现字母a至少一次的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP '^ba+'; +-----+-----+---------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+---------+-------+ | t1 | 102 | bannana | 10.30 | +-----+-----+---------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
字符(|):匹配指定字符
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段包括字符串on的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP 'on'; +-----+-----+---------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+---------+-------+ | bs2 | 105 | melon | 8.20 | | l2 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 | | o2 | 103 | coconut | 9.20 | +-----+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段包括字符串on或者ap的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP 'on|ap'; +-----+-----+---------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+---------+-------+ | a1 | 101 | apple | 5.20 | | a2 | 103 | apricot | 2.20 | | bs2 | 105 | melon | 8.20 | | l2 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 | | o2 | 103 | coconut | 9.20 | | t2 | 102 | grape | 5.30 | +-----+-----+---------+-------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段使用LIKE关键字匹配on的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name LIKE 'on'; Empty set (0.00 sec) #结果匹配不到,这也是这两个匹配方法的不同之处.
字符([]):匹配指定字符中任意一个
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段包含字母o或者t的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP '[ot]'; +-----+-----+---------+-------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +-----+-----+---------+-------+ | a2 | 103 | apricot | 2.20 | | bs1 | 102 | orange | 11.20 | | bs2 | 105 | melon | 8.20 | | l2 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 | | m1 | 106 | mango | 15.70 | | m3 | 105 | xxtt | 11.60 | | o2 | 103 | coconut | 9.20 | +-----+-----+---------+-------+ 7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
字符([^字符集]):匹配不在指定集合中的任何字符
1.在lyshark表中,查询Uid字段包含字母a-e和1-2以外字符的集合,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Uid REGEXP '[^a-e1-2]'; +---------+-----+----------+--------+ | Uid | Gid | Name | Price | +---------+-----+----------+--------+ | b5 | 107 | xxxx | 3.60 | | bs1 | 102 | orange | 11.20 | | bs2 | 105 | melon | 8.20 | | c0 | 101 | cherry | 3.20 | | l2 | 104 | lemon | 6.40 | | lyshark | 999 | lysharks | 999.00 | | m1 | 106 | mango | 15.70 | | m2 | 105 | xbabay | 2.60 | | m3 | 105 | xxtt | 11.60 | | o2 | 103 | coconut | 9.20 | | t1 | 102 | bannana | 10.30 | | t2 | 102 | grape | 5.30 | | t4 | 107 | xbababa | 3.60 | +---------+-----+----------+--------+ 13 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字符({n,}):匹配前一个字符至少匹配n次的
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段,匹配x字符至少出现2次的行,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP 'x{2,}';
+-----+-----+------+-------+
| Uid | Gid | Name | Price |
+-----+-----+------+-------+
| b5 | 107 | xxxx | 3.60 |
| m3 | 105 | xxtt | 11.60 |
+-----+-----+------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
字符({n,m}):匹配前一个字符至少匹配n次,且不大于m次的记录
1.在lyshark表中,查询Name字段,匹配ba字符至少出现2次且不大于3次的记录,SQL语句如下:
MariaDB [lyshark]> select * from lyshark where Name REGEXP 'ba{1,3}';
+-----+-----+---------+-------+
| Uid | Gid | Name | Price |
+-----+-----+---------+-------+
| m2 | 105 | xbabay | 2.60 |
| t1 | 102 | bannana | 10.30 |
| t4 | 107 | xbababa | 3.60 |
+-----+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
参考文献：mysql5.7从入门到精通
来源：https://www.cnblogs.com/LyShark/p/10183893.html