apt安装

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install mysql-server

root@192:/sys/fs/cgroup# apt-get install mysql-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libaio1 libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libencode-locale-perl libevent-core-2.0-5 libfcgi-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl
  libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mysql-client-5.7 mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server-5.7
  mysql-server-core-5.7
Suggested packages:
  libdata-dump-perl libipc-sharedcache-perl libwww-perl mailx tinyca
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libaio1 libcgi-fast-perl libcgi-pm-perl libencode-locale-perl libevent-core-2.0-5 libfcgi-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libhtml-template-perl libhttp-date-perl
  libhttp-message-perl libio-html-perl liblwp-mediatypes-perl libtimedate-perl liburi-perl mysql-client-5.7 mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.7
  mysql-server-core-5.7
0 upgraded, 21 newly installed, 0 to remove and 139 not upgraded.
Need to get 18.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 157 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 [14.7 kB]
Get:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libaio1 amd64 0.3.110-2 [6356 B]
Get:3 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 [6575 kB]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-5.7 amd64 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 [1476 kB]
Get:5 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 [7091 kB]
Get:6 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libevent-core-2.0-5 amd64 2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1 [70.6 kB]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-5.7 amd64 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 [2420 kB]
Get:8 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libhtml-tagset-perl all 3.20-2 [13.5 kB]
Get:9 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 liburi-perl all 1.71-1 [76.9 kB]
Get:10 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libhtml-parser-perl amd64 3.72-1 [86.1 kB]
Get:11 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libcgi-pm-perl all 4.26-1 [185 kB]
Get:12 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libfcgi-perl amd64 0.77-1build1 [32.3 kB]
Get:13 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libcgi-fast-perl all 1:2.10-1 [10.2 kB]
Get:14 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libencode-locale-perl all 1.05-1 [12.3 kB]
Get:15 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.95-2 [60.4 kB]
Get:16 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libtimedate-perl all 2.3000-2 [37.5 kB]
Get:17 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libhttp-date-perl all 6.02-1 [10.4 kB]
Get:18 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libio-html-perl all 1.001-1 [14.9 kB]
Get:19 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 liblwp-mediatypes-perl all 6.02-1 [21.7 kB]
Get:20 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libhttp-message-perl all 6.11-1 [74.3 kB]
Get:21 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server all 5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2 [10.2 kB]
Fetched 18.3 MB in 6s (2930 kB/s)
perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
    LANGUAGE = "en_US:",
    LC_ALL = (unset),
    LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8",
    LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
    are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to a fallback locale ("en_US.UTF-8").
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Preconfiguring packages ...
/usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.
(Reading database ... 78087 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-common_5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libaio1_0.3.110-2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-core-5.7_5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-client-5.7_5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-core-5.7.
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-core-5.7_5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64.
Preparing to unpack .../libevent-core-2.0-5_2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.7.
(Reading database ... 78255 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server-5.7_5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_amd64.deb ...
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
Unpacking mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-tagset-perl.
Preparing to unpack .../libhtml-tagset-perl_3.20-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhtml-tagset-perl (3.20-2) ...
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Unpacking liburi-perl (1.71-1) ...
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Unpacking libhtml-parser-perl (3.72-1) ...
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Unpacking libcgi-pm-perl (4.26-1) ...
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Unpacking libencode-locale-perl (1.05-1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../libhtml-template-perl_2.95-2_all.deb ...
Unpacking libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) ...
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Unpacking libtimedate-perl (2.3000-2) ...
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Unpacking libhttp-date-perl (6.02-1) ...
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Unpacking libio-html-perl (1.001-1) ...
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Unpacking liblwp-mediatypes-perl (6.02-1) ...
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Unpacking libhttp-message-perl (6.11-1) ...
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Preparing to unpack .../mysql-server_5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2_all.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) ...
Setting up mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Setting up mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Setting up mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Setting up libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) ...
Setting up mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory
locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory
update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
Setting up libhtml-tagset-perl (3.20-2) ...
Setting up liburi-perl (1.71-1) ...
Setting up libhtml-parser-perl (3.72-1) ...
Setting up libcgi-pm-perl (4.26-1) ...
Setting up libfcgi-perl (0.77-1build1) ...
Setting up libcgi-fast-perl (1:2.10-1) ...
Setting up libencode-locale-perl (1.05-1) ...
Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) ...
Setting up libtimedate-perl (2.3000-2) ...
Setting up libhttp-date-perl (6.02-1) ...
Setting up libio-html-perl (1.001-1) ...
Setting up liblwp-mediatypes-perl (6.02-1) ...
Setting up libhttp-message-perl (6.11-1) ...
Setting up mysql-server (5.7.28-0ubuntu0.16.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...

安装完成后,查看/lib/systemd/system目录,多了一个mysql后台服务

查看mysql后台服务状态

systemctl status mysql.service

其他

/lib/systemd/system目录
存放各种后台运行服务的配置文件。mysql以后台服务形式运行,开机即启动。
例如在 Ubuntu 中，我们可以通过 apt-get install mysql-server 的方式安装 MySQL，然后通过命令systemctl start mysql启动 MySQL，通过systemctl enable mysql设置开机启动。
之所以成为服务并且能够开机启动，是因为在 /lib/systemd/system 目录下会创建一个 XXX.service 的配置文件，里面定义了如何启动、如何关闭。
/etc/apt/sources.list配置文件
定义apt命令去哪里下载ubuntn的软件

root@192:/# cat /etc/apt/sources.list |grep '^deb'
deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.4 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180228)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security multiverse