Github Action入门 | 易学教程

github action

概念介绍

能力介绍

支持分支 build, test, package, release, or deploy
支持 end-to-end continuous integration (CI) and continuous deployment (CD)
支持在第三方云平台、github平台、以及[开发者自己的服务器]构建(https://help.github.com/en/actions/automating-your-workflow-with-github-actions/about-self-hosted-runners)
支持的action有三类：同repository下action、public action repository 以及github action market
支持事件触发特定构建
支持邮件发送运行状态通知
仅github平台服务器存在限制

术语介绍

action ： workflow最小执行单元
Artifact ： workflow运行，产生的中间文件，包括日志、测试结果等
Continuous integration (CI)：自动构建、测试
Continuous deployment (CD)：自动部署
Event: 触发workflow
GitHub-hosted runner：githut平台的虚拟机
Job: workflow的分解，可串行存在依赖；可并行
Runner：运行环境
Self-hosted runner：开发者自己的运新环境
Step: job的分解

github平台服务器限制

一个repo，可最多同时开20个workflows；超过20，则排队等待
一个workflow下的每个job，最多运行6小时；超过，直接结束
所有分支下的job，根据github级别不同，限制不同；超过，进入队列等待。
1小时内，最多1000 次请求，也就是1.5api/1m
乱用action，可能会被github限制账户哦

GitHub plan	Total concurrent jobs	Maximum concurrent macOS jobs
Free	20	5
Pro	40	5
Team	60	5
Enterprise	180	15

github会生成相关使用统计情况

action yml文件

语法结构

  name: Greet Everyone
  # This workflow is triggered on pushes to the repository.
  on: [push]

  jobs:
    build:
      # Job name is Greeting
      name: Greeting
      # This job runs on Linux
      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
      steps:
        # This step uses GitHub's hello-world-javascript-action: https://github.com/actions/hello-world-javascript-action
        - name: Hello world
          uses: actions/hello-world-javascript-action@v1
          with:
            who-to-greet: 'Mona the Octocat'
          id: hello
        # This step prints an output (time) from the previous step's action.
        - name: Echo the greeting's time
          run: echo 'The time was ${{ steps.hello.outputs.time }}.'

如何创建yml文件

.github/workflows 创建.yml or .yaml 后缀，名称随意
GITHUB_ 前缀的变量名，为github使用；否则会抛出错误
环境变量区分大小写
action secrets必须放在环境变量或者作为输入，

step secret

  steps:
    - name: Hello world
      run: echo Hello world $FIRST_NAME $middle_name $Last_Name!
      env:
        FIRST_NAME: Mona
        middle_name: The
        Last_Name: Octocat

  steps:
  - name: My first action
    env:
      GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      FIRST_NAME: Mona
      LAST_NAME: Octocat

  steps:
  - name: Hello world action
    with: # Set the secret as an input
      super_secret: ${{ secrets.SuperSecret }}
    env: # Or as an environment variable
      super_secret: ${{ secrets.SuperSecret }}

jobsjob_idstepsenv)

express 语法

使用技巧

step

   steps:
    - uses: actions/setup-node@74bc508 # Reference a specific commit
    - uses: actions/setup-node@v1      # Reference the major version of a release
    - uses: actions/setup-node@v1.2    # Reference a minor version of a release
    - uses: actions/setup-node@master  # Reference a branch

触发时机

  # push 
  name: descriptive-workflow-name
  on: push

  # 每小时
  on:
  schedule:
    - cron:  '0 * * * *'

  #特定分支、tag、路径
  on:
  push:
    branches:
      - master
    tags:
      - v1
    # file paths to consider in the event. Optional; defaults to all.
    paths:
      - 'test/*'

github host运行环境

   runs-on: ubuntu-latest

github 服务器采用如下统一配置:

    * 2-core CPU
    * 7 GB of RAM memory
    * 14 GB of SSD disk space

推荐使用linux,资源消耗存在不同比率。

    * linux：1，
    * window:2 
    * mac:10.

self-host

   runs-on: [self-hosted, linux, ARM32]

引用action

public repo

   {owner}/{repo}@{ref} or {owner}/{repo}/{path}@{ref}.

same repo

   {owner}/{repo}@{ref} or ./path/to/dir

   |-- hello-world (repository)
   |   |__ .github
   |       └── workflows
   |           └── my-first-workflow.yml
   |       └── actions
   |           |__ hello-world-action
   |               └── action.yml

   jobs:
   build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      # This step checks out a copy of your repository.
      - uses: actions/checkout@v1
      # This step references the directory that contains the action.
      - uses: ../github/actions/hello-world-action

docker container

   docker://{image}:{tag}

显示workflow status

  ![](https://github.com/actions/hello-world/workflows/Greet Everyone/badge.svg)

使用命令行

  jobs:
  my_first_job:
    steps:
      - name: My first step
        uses: docker://gcr.io/cloud-builders/gradle
      - name: Install Dependencies
        run: npm install
        shell: bash

with传参

  jobs:
  my_first_job:
    steps:
      - name: My first step
        uses: actions/hello_world@master
        with:
          first_name: Mona
          middle_name: The
          last_name: Octocat

firstname ,会被转化为INPUTFIRST_NAME使用

GITHUBTOKEN不满足，可以使用[personal accessstoken](https://help.github.com/en/actions/automating-your-workflow-with-github-actions/authenticating-with-the-github_token)