问题
I am trying to set up an environment for end-to-end testing on a droplet running Ubuntu server 12.04.3 on digital ocean.
What I am trying to achieve in the end is for my jenkins (installed on the one droplet) to be able to run my end-to-end tests. Now, the server is ofcourse headless and the end-to-end tests need to run through a browser (I am using protractor with the selenium standalone server with chromedriver).
My question is: how do I spawn a browser on that machine? I have installed xorg and if I do startx on the server, log out and ssh -X to it, I can manually run the end-to-end tests (a browser pops up on my local machine). But I can get it to work without ssh -X to it, and since jenkins is on the same droplet where the tests are to be run. Well I dont get a browser to spawn.
NOTE: I know I might be missing something really trivial here since I don't fully understand the configuration nor the xorg.
Any hints or a complete answer is very much appreciated, this is giving me gray hair.
Edit: After a little digging I think i got the xorg stuff a bit wrong, i am guessing the purpose of X is to be able to spawn a window on a remote machine ( ie my local machine). And what i am after is more along the lines of a virtual frame buffer such as Xvfb...
回答1:
There is PhantomJS but with Protractor is buggy and a dead-end.
You can still use Chrome & Firefox headless through docker-selenium or, if you don't like Docker you can do it yourself with ubuntu-headless sample. Both solutions provide Chrome & Firefox by using Xvfb even though there is no real DISPLAY.
UPDATE 2 Seems to be possible to run Xvfb in OSX: http://xquartz.macosforge.org/landing/
UPDATE 1 Mac OSX selenium headless solution:
Enable multi-user remote desktop access to OSX machine
So can test selenium headless on mac. Not headless really but as another user so it doesn't interfere with your current user display. To do this you need kickstart: http://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201710 Begin using the kickstart utility
sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -restart -agent
Activate Remote Desktop Sharing, enable access privileges for all users and restart ARD Agent:
sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -activate -configure -access -on -restart -agent -privs -all
Allow access for all users and give all users full access
sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -configure -allowAccessFor -allUsers -privs -all
Kickstart help command
sudo /System/Library/CoreServices/RemoteManagement/ARDAgent.app/Contents/Resources/kickstart -help
回答2:
A lot of angular apps use Travis CI to perform Protractor based end-to-end integration tests on headless vms all the time. I do not know the details of exactly how they do it but I do know that they use a linux service called xvfb which is a headless x windows implementation. Looking at a typical Travis configuration file, it appears that all they do before firing up their web server, selenium server and kicking off Protractor is to call sh -e /etc/init.d/xvfb start to start this service.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22770382/end-to-end-testing-on-headless-server