问题
I'm learning how to use git these days and I had to do many hit-and-misses. Thus I needed to delete and create anew my remote and local repos. Is there a way to roll back to the first commit of the repo and delete all history after that? Basically a clean slate to experiment on.
回答1:
I don't know of any way to do exactly what you're asking (one can roll back to first commit, but not delete all history, since the history will at least contain that initial commit.)
If I were you I'd just delete the remote repo and the .git directory of the local repo, and start over with git init.
The closest that I can get to what you're asking for would be to rollback all but the first commit. To do that, you'd first find the SHA1 of the first commit, for example:
% git rev-list --max-parents=0 --abbrev-commit HEAD
aa8119f
...and then run either
% git reset aa8119f
...or
% git reset --hard aa8119f
...depending on whether you want to preserve or discard all the changes made since that initial commit. (The above assumes that you have only one branch. If not, you'll also have to delete any other branches you have with git branch -d <BRANCHNAME>.)
Finally, you'd run
% git push -f
(I hope that you realize that git push -f is a no-no whenever you're pushing to a repo that is shared with others.)
Unfortunately, as already explained, this approach does not delete all the history.
If this is something you'll want to do often, I'd recommend that, immediately after git init, you run something like
% git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message -m ''
% git tag -a -m '' ROOT
This will put an empty commit at the root of your history, and tag it with a tag named ROOT. Then you can do something like
% git reset ROOT
or
% git reset --hard ROOT
to bring you back to that first empty commit.
To get a good handle on what git reset does, I recommend reading this.
回答2:
Just blow away the .git directory once you've got your first commit checked out. As such:
git checkout <first-commit-sha>
rm -rf .git
git init
git add -A
git commit -m 'Initial Commit'
回答3:
You could reset to the first commit:
"How to show first commit by 'git log'?" describes how to find the first commit:
git log --pretty=format:%H | tail -1
(works only if there is no multiple root branches)
git reset --hard yourFirstCommitSHA1
Note that after the reset, to really get a clean slate, you could simply git init a new repo and copy the content of your first commit you just reset to (and add and commit in that new repo)
回答4:
To do a clean reset you want to eliminate the logs and any config changes and everything, I'd do this by fetching just the master root into a new repo:
git tag master-root $(git rev-list --topo-order master|sed '$!d')
git init ../reset-my-repo
cd ../reset-my-repo
git fetch $OLDPWD master-root
git checkout -B master FETCH_HEAD
(i.e. pretty much what VonC said)
(added --topo-order to protect against bad timestamps)
回答5:
You can certainly remove all history in current branch using:
git reset --hard <commit_id>
where commit_id is sha1 of some historic commit.
However, it is rarely needed if you are learning and want to experiment.
Instead, you can simply create new branch for your experiments, like:
git branch experiment <commit_id>
git checkout experiment
...
This would be identical for most intents and purposes to first variant, but you can switch back if you want.
You can can also rename branches, such that your experiments have original branch names, like:
git branch -m master backup
git branch master
git checkout master
If you want to nuke backup branch, simply do:
git branch -D backup
回答6:
Checkout to master:
$ git checkout master
Show log:
$ git log
Reset to first commit:
$ git reset --hard <you first commit number>
Then, push changes to remote:
$ git push --force origin
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16499908/how-to-roll-back-git-repo-to-first-commit-and-delete-all-history