问题
How can i execute a shell (bash) command within a Common Lisp program and assign the output to a variable?
回答1:
ASDF provides a RUN-SHELL-COMMAND that works with many Common Lisp implementations including ABCL, Allegro CL, CLISP, Clozure CL, ECL, GCL, LispWorks, SBCL, CMU, XCL and SCL.
It takes a control string and a list of arguments like FORMAT, and synchronously executes the result using a Bourne-compatible shell. Capture output by binding an optional stream.
回答2:
ITA has released inferior-shell under their QITAB umbrella project.
Some links of possible interest :
- http://common-lisp.net/gitweb?p=projects/qitab/inferior-shell.git
- http://common-lisp.net/projects/qitab/
- http://cliki.net/inferior-shell
A git repository is currently hosted at common-lisp.net :
git clone git://common-lisp.net/projects/qitab/inferior-shell.git
回答3:
You can consider using Trivial-shell (url)
(trivial-shell:shell-command "echo foo")
shell-command returns output, so you can assign it to a variable.
In asdf.lisp file you can read:
;;;; We probably should move this functionality to its own system and deprecate
;;;; use of it from the asdf package. However, this would break unspecified
;;;; existing software, so until a clear alternative exists, we can't deprecate
;;;; it, and even after it's been deprecated, we will support it for a few
;;;; years so everyone has time to migrate away from it. -- fare 2009-12-01
回答4:
Nowadays I would use uiop:run-program, where uiop stands for "universal input output" and is a compatibility layer provided by asdf3, formerly known as asdf/driver. As has been said asdf:run-shell-command is obsolete and uiop inherits many features of other libraries such as trivial-shell.
UIOP readme
回答5:
Some CL implementations have built-in functions for this purpose. For example, SBCL has sb-ext:run-program, and CCL has run-program.
回答6:
In sbcl:
(sb-ext:run-program "/bin/sh" (list "-c" "whoami") :input nil :output *standard-output*)
It works fine for me:)
回答7:
This (appupdate.cl) program is an example of creating and executing a shell script using the Steel Bank Common Lisp (sbcl) implementation, which assumes you have sbcl installed and its in your path.
I wrote this on Ubuntu 14.04 as a simple way to perform the automation of the updating, upgrading, and kernel upgrading of the app/system software.
#!/usr/local/bin/sbcl --script
(with-open-file (str "/home/geo/update.sh"
:direction :output
:if-exists :supersede
:if-does-not-exist :create)
(format str "#! /bin/bash~%~%apt-get update~%~%apt-get upgrade -y~%~%apt-get dist-upgrade -y~%~%exit~%))
(sb-ext:run-program "/bin/chmod" '("+x" "/home/geo/update.sh")
:output *standard-output*)
(sb-ext:run-program "/bin/bash" '("/home/geo/update.sh")
:output *standard-output*)
(sb-ext:run-program "/bin/rm" '("-rf" "/home/geo/update.sh")
:output *standard-output*)
So of course it creates a shell script entitled update.sh, which is directed to /bin/bash via shebang (#!). After doing so the sb-ext:run-program built directs a shell to execute /bin/chmod passing the flag "+x" as an argument and the /path/to/the-file. This function changes the mode of access of the file to executable (changes the permissions).
Next, a shell is open and executes /bin/bash and the bash binary is passed the argument of the executable shell scripts file location.
Lastly the file is removed from the working directory (note in this case the appupdate.cl is in my home directory therefore is the working directory).
The appupdate.cl file can be executed from the command line after it is changed to executable and temporary root privileges are gained:
:~$ chmod +x appupdate.cl
:~$ sudo bash
:~# ./appupdate.cl
:~# exit
Easily enough the sudo command could be added to the script (e.g. sudo apt-get update) and using the sudo bash sequence would not be necessary.
NOTE: In the LispWorks ide on 14.04 the (sys:run-shell-command "") is still applicable even though it has sort of become a 'legacy' function.
回答8:
I tried out some answers but it was not straightforward. This is what worked easily:
(ql:quickload "external-program")
;; run shell command e.g. "ls -l" and capture the output into string *output*
(defparameter *output*
(with-output-to-string (out)
(external-program:run "ls" '("-l") ; command with parameters as list of strings
:output out)))
;; and after that, you can write functions to parse the output ...
This is from Edi Weitz's book Common Lisp Recipes which belongs to the shelve of any serious Lisp programmer, in my view...
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6065446/executing-a-shell-command-from-common-lisp