问题
This is a followup to a previous SO post.
I am using Windows/cygwin and I have the need for python to understand a custom CA certificate, as the network infrastructure resigns all SSL requests with its own certificate.
If I try to run pip search SimpleHTTPServer, I get the following error message:
...
File "c:\users\erbe\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\ssl.py", line 633, in do_handshake
self._sslobj.do_handshake()
ssl.SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:645)
I have tried to add the certificates to my list of trusted certificates by doing the following:
- Copy my .pem file to /etc/pki/ca-trust/source/anchors
update-ca-trust extract
I have verified that this works as I can now point to the generated PEM file and run pip successfully: pip --cert /usr/local/ssl/cert.pem search SimpleHTTPServer:
$ pip --cert tls-ca-bundle.pem search SimpleHTTPServer
ComplexHTTPServer (0.1) - A Multithreaded Python SimpleHTTPServer
SimpleTornadoServer (1.0) - better SimpleHTTPServer using tornado
rangehttpserver (1.2.0) - SimpleHTTPServer with support for Range requests
However, I want this to work without having to specify the certificate manually every time. I am hoping to update the certificate chain that python uses:
$ python -c "import ssl; print(ssl.get_default_verify_paths())"
DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile=None, capath=None, openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/local/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/local/ssl/certs')
I have verified that through a series of symlinks, that /usr/local/ssl/cert.pem points to the same file. However, if I execute pip, I still get the [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] error message.
I uninstalled the Windows version of python, and reinstalled the Cygwin version of python. With it, I ran easy_install-2.7 pip. Now at least I am able to execute pip with the full certificate path without an error message:
$ pip --cert /etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem search simpleHttpServer
LittleHTTPServer (0.5.0) - Little bit extended SimpleHTTPServer
SimpleHTTP404Server (0.2.0) - A Python SimpleHTTPServer, but serves 404.html if a page is not found.
django-localsrv (0.1.2) - Django app for serving static content from different sources (files, strings, urls, etc.) at custom paths,
Just to be safe, I also tried updating the SSL_CERT_DIR varaible to point to /etc/pki/ca-trust-extracted/pem and set the SSL_CERT_FILE to /etc/pki/ca-trust-extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem but these do not work:
$ set | grep SSL
SSL_CERT_DIR=/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem
SSL_CERT_FILE=/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem
$ python -c "import ssl; print(ssl.get_default_verify_paths())"
DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile='/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem/tls-ca-bundle.pem', capath='/etc/pki/ca-trust/extracted/pem', openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/ssl/certs')
$ pip search simpleHttpServer
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
...
...
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-8.1.2-py2.7.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/adapters.py", line 477, in send
raise SSLError(e, request=request)
SSLError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)
What am I doing wrong? Is this a cygwin vs Windows problem? Which PEM files do I need to update?
回答1:
You can add pip command line option defaults to its configuration file. In windows, it should be located under %APPDATA%\pip\pip.ini.
To add a certificate, put the following lines in the file:
[global]
cert = windows path to your certificate
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39626142/python-pip-throwing-ssl-certificate-verify-failed-even-if-certificate-chain