Python Flask with celery out of application context

问题

I am building a website using python Flask. Everything is going good and now I am trying to implement celery.

That was going good as well until I tried to send an email using flask-mail from celery. Now I am getting an "working outside of application context" error.

full traceback is

  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/celery/task/trace.py", line 228, in trace_task
    R = retval = fun(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/celery/task/trace.py", line 415, in __protected_call__
    return self.run(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/ryan/www/CG-Website/src/util/mail.py", line 28, in send_forgot_email
    msg = Message("Recover your Crusade Gaming Account")
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask_mail.py", line 178, in __init__
    sender = current_app.config.get("DEFAULT_MAIL_SENDER")
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/local.py", line 336, in __getattr__
    return getattr(self._get_current_object(), name)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/werkzeug/local.py", line 295, in _get_current_object
    return self.__local()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/flask/globals.py", line 26, in _find_app
    raise RuntimeError('working outside of application context')
RuntimeError: working outside of application context

This is my mail function:

@celery.task
def send_forgot_email(email, ref):
    global mail
    msg = Message("Recover your Crusade Gaming Account")
    msg.recipients = [email]
    msg.sender = "Crusade Gaming stuff@cg.com"
    msg.html = \
        """
        Hello Person,<br/>

        You have requested your password be reset. <a href="{0}" >Click here recover your account</a> or copy and paste this link in to your browser: {0} <br />

        If you did not request that your password be reset, please ignore this.
        """.format(url_for('account.forgot', ref=ref, _external=True))
    mail.send(msg)

This is my celery file:

from __future__ import absolute_import

from celery import Celery

celery = Celery('src.tasks',
                broker='amqp://',
                include=['src.util.mail'])


if __name__ == "__main__":
    celery.start()

回答1:

Flask-mail needs the Flask application context to work correctly. Instantiate the app object on the celery side and use app.app_context like this:

with app.app_context():
    celery.start()

回答2:

Here is a solution which works with the flask application factory pattern and also creates celery task with context, without needing to use app.app_context(). It is really tricky to get that app while avoiding circular imports, but this solves it. This is for celery 4.2 which is the latest at the time of writing.

Structure:

repo_name/
    manage.py
    base/
    base/__init__.py
    base/app.py
    base/runcelery.py
    base/celeryconfig.py
    base/utility/celery_util.py
    base/tasks/workers.py

So base is the main application package in this example. In the base/__init__.py we create the celery instance as below:

from celery import Celery
celery = Celery('base', config_source='base.celeryconfig')

The base/app.py file contains the flask app factory create_app and note the init_celery(app, celery) it contains:

from base import celery
from base.utility.celery_util import init_celery

def create_app(config_obj):
    """An application factory, as explained here:
    http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/patterns/appfactories/.
    :param config_object: The configuration object to use.
    """
    app = Flask('base')
    app.config.from_object(config_obj)
    init_celery(app, celery=celery)
    register_extensions(app)
    register_blueprints(app)
    register_errorhandlers(app)
    register_app_context_processors(app)
    return app

Moving on to base/runcelery.py contents:

from flask.helpers import get_debug_flag
from base.settings import DevConfig, ProdConfig
from base import celery
from base.app import create_app
from base.utility.celery_util import init_celery
CONFIG = DevConfig if get_debug_flag() else ProdConfig
app = create_app(CONFIG)
init_celery(app, celery)

Next, the base/celeryconfig.py file (as an example):

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Configure Celery. See the configuration guide at ->
http://docs.celeryproject.org/en/master/userguide/configuration.html#configuration
"""

## Broker settings.
broker_url = 'pyamqp://guest:guest@localhost:5672//'
broker_heartbeat=0

# List of modules to import when the Celery worker starts.
imports = ('base.tasks.workers',)

## Using the database to store task state and results.
result_backend = 'rpc'
#result_persistent = False

accept_content = ['json', 'application/text']

result_serializer = 'json'
timezone = "UTC"

# define periodic tasks / cron here
# beat_schedule = {
#    'add-every-10-seconds': {
#        'task': 'workers.add_together',
#        'schedule': 10.0,
#        'args': (16, 16)
#    },
# }

Now define the init_celery in the base/utility/celery_util.py file:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

def init_celery(app, celery):
    """Add flask app context to celery.Task"""
    TaskBase = celery.Task
    class ContextTask(TaskBase):
        abstract = True
        def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
            with app.app_context():
                return TaskBase.__call__(self, *args, **kwargs)
    celery.Task = ContextTask

For the workers in base/tasks/workers.py:

from base import celery as celery_app
from flask_security.utils import config_value, send_mail
from base.bp.users.models.user_models import User
from base.extensions import mail # this is the flask-mail

@celery_app.task
def send_async_email(msg):
    """Background task to send an email with Flask-mail."""
    #with app.app_context():
    mail.send(msg)

@celery_app.task
def send_welcome_email(email, user_id, confirmation_link):
    """Background task to send a welcome email with flask-security's mail.
    You don't need to use with app.app_context() here. Task has context.
    """
    user = User.query.filter_by(id=user_id).first()
    print(f'sending user {user} a welcome email')
    send_mail(config_value('EMAIL_SUBJECT_REGISTER'),
              email,
              'welcome', user=user,
              confirmation_link=confirmation_link) 

Then, you need to start the celery beat and celery worker in two different cmd prompts from inside the repo_name folder.

In one cmd prompt do a celery -A base.runcelery:celery beat and the other celery -A base.runcelery:celery worker.

Then, run through your task that needed the flask context. Should work.

回答3:

In your mail.py file, import your "app" and "mail" objects. Then, use request context. Do something like this:

from whateverpackagename import app
from whateverpackagename import mail

@celery.task
def send_forgot_email(email, ref):
    with app.test_request_context():
        msg = Message("Recover your Crusade Gaming Account")
        msg.recipients = [email]
        msg.sender = "Crusade Gaming stuff@cg.com"
        msg.html = \
        """
        Hello Person,<br/>
        You have requested your password be reset. <a href="{0}" >Click here recover your account</a> or copy and paste this link in to your browser: {0} <br />
        If you did not request that your password be reset, please ignore this.
        """.format(url_for('account.forgot', ref=ref, _external=True))

        mail.send(msg)

回答4:

I don't have any points, so I couldn't upvote @codegeek's above answer, so I decided to write my own since my search for an issue like this was helped by this question/answer: I've just had some success trying to tackle a similar problem in a python/flask/celery scenario. Even though your error was from trying to use mail while my error was around trying to use url_for in a celery task, I suspect the two were related to the same problem and that you would have had errors stemming from the use of url_for if you had tried to use that before mail.

With no context of the app present in a celery task (even after including an import app from my_app_module) I was getting errors, too. You'll need to perform the mail operation in the context of the app:

from module_containing_my_app_and_mail import app, mail    # Flask app, Flask mail
from flask.ext.mail import Message    # Message class

@celery.task
def send_forgot_email(email, ref):
    with app.app_context():    # This is the important bit!
        msg = Message("Recover your Crusade Gaming Account")
        msg.recipients = [email]
        msg.sender = "Crusade Gaming stuff@cg.com"
        msg.html = \
        """
        Hello Person,<br/>
        You have requested your password be reset. <a href="{0}" >Click here recover your account</a> or copy and paste this link in to your browser: {0} <br />
        If you did not request that your password be reset, please ignore this.
        """.format(url_for('account.forgot', ref=ref, _external=True))

        mail.send(msg)

If anyone is interested, my solution for the problem of using url_for in celery tasks can be found here

回答5:

Without using app.app_context(), just configure the celery before you register blueprints like below :

celery = Celery('myapp', broker='redis://localhost:6379/0', backend='redis://localhost:6379/0')

From your blueprint where you wish to use celery, call the instance of celery already created to create your celery task.

It will work as expected.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16221295/python-flask-with-celery-out-of-application-context