How to get the difference (only additions) between two files in linux

问题

I have two files A1 and A2 (unsorted). A1 is previous version of A2 and some lines have been added to A2. How can I get the new lines that are added to A2?

Note: I just want the new lines added and dont want the lines which were in A1 but deleted in A2. When i do diff A1 A2, I get the additions as well as deletions but I want only additions.

Please suggest a way to do this.

回答1:

diff and then grep for the edit type you want.

diff -u A1 A2 | grep -E "^\+"

回答2:

All of the below is copied directly from @TomOnTime's serverfault answer here:

Show lines that only exist in file a: (i.e. what was deleted from a)

comm -23 a b

Show lines that only exist in file b: (i.e. what was added to b)

comm -13 a b

Show lines that only exist in one file or the other: (but not both)

comm -3 a b | sed 's/^\t//'

(Warning: If file a has lines that start with TAB, it (the first TAB) will be removed from the output.)

NOTE: Both files need to be sorted for "comm" to work properly. If they aren't already sorted, you should sort them:

sort <a >a.sorted
sort <b >b.sorted
comm -12 a.sorted b.sorted

If the files are extremely long, this may be quite a burden as it requires an extra copy and therefore twice as much disk space.

Edit: note that the command can be written more concisely using process substitution (thanks to @phk for the comment):

comm -12 <(sort < a) <(sort < b)

回答3:

You can try this

diff --changed-group-format='%>' --unchanged-group-format='' A1 A2

The options are documented in man diff:

       --GTYPE-group-format=GFMT
              format GTYPE input groups with GFMT

and:

       LTYPE is 'old', 'new', or 'unchanged'.
              GTYPE is LTYPE or 'changed'.

and:

              GFMT (only) may contain:

       %<     lines from FILE1

       %>     lines from FILE2

       [...]

回答4:

You can type:

grep -v -f A1 A2

回答5:

The simple method is to use :

sdiff A1 A2

Another method is to use comm, as you can see in Comparing two unsorted lists in linux, listing the unique in the second file

回答6:

git diff path/file.css | grep -E "^\+" | grep -v '+++ b/' | cut -c 2-

grep -E "^\+" is from previous accepted answer, it is incomplete because leaves non-source stuff
grep -v '+++ b' removes non-source line with file name of later version
cut -c 2- removes column of + signs, also may use sed 's/^\+//'

comm or sdiff were not an option because of git.

回答7:

A similar approach to merp's but hopefully more understandable and easy to tweak:

diff \
  --new-line-format="- %L" \
  --old-line-format="" \
  --unchanged-line-format="" \
  A1 A2

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15384818/how-to-get-the-difference-only-additions-between-two-files-in-linux

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Linux

bash

diff