In Perl, how can I generate all possible combinations of a list?

问题

I have a file with a list, and a need to make a file that compares each line to the other. for example, my file has this:

AAA  
BBB  
CCC  
DDD  
EEE

I would like the final list to look like this:

AAA  BBB  
AAA  CCC  
AAA  DDD  
AAA  EEE  
BBB  CCC  
BBB  DDD  
BBB  EEE  
CCC  DDD  
CCC  EEE  
DDD  EEE

I am trying to do this in Perl, for this first time and am having a little trouble. I do know that you need to make an array, and then split it, but after that I am having some trouble.

回答1:

Use Algorithm::Combinatorics. The iterator based approach is preferable to generating everything at once.

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict; use warnings;
use Algorithm::Combinatorics qw(combinations);

my $strings = [qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE)];

my $iter = combinations($strings, 2);

while (my $c = $iter->next) {
    print "@$c\n";
}

Output:

AAA BBB
AAA CCC
AAA DDD
AAA EEE
BBB CCC
BBB DDD
BBB EEE
CCC DDD
CCC EEE
DDD EEE

回答2:

It is straightforward to write this using recursion.

This code example demonstrates.

use strict;
use warnings;

my $strings = [qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE)];

sub combine;

print "@$_\n" for combine $strings, 5;

sub combine {

  my ($list, $n) = @_;
  die "Insufficient list members" if $n > @$list;

  return map [$_], @$list if $n <= 1;

  my @comb;

  for my $i (0 .. $#$list) {
    my @rest = @$list;
    my $val  = splice @rest, $i, 1;
    push @comb, [$val, @$_] for combine \@rest, $n-1;
  }

  return @comb;
}

Edit

My apologies - I was generating permutations instead of combinations.

This code is correct.

use strict;
use warnings;

my $strings = [qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE)];

sub combine;

print "@$_\n" for combine $strings, 2;

sub combine {

  my ($list, $n) = @_;
  die "Insufficient list members" if $n > @$list;

  return map [$_], @$list if $n <= 1;

  my @comb;

  for (my $i = 0; $i+$n <= @$list; ++$i) {
    my $val  = $list->[$i];
    my @rest = @$list[$i+1..$#$list];
    push @comb, [$val, @$_] for combine \@rest, $n-1;
  }

  return @comb;
}

output

AAA BBB
AAA CCC
AAA DDD
AAA EEE
BBB CCC
BBB DDD
BBB EEE
CCC DDD
CCC EEE
DDD EEE

回答3:

Take a look at Math::Combinatorics - Perform combinations and permutations on lists

example copying from the CPAN:

use Math::Combinatorics;

  my @n = qw(a b c);
  my $combinat = Math::Combinatorics->new(count => 2,
                                          data => [@n],
                                         );

  print "combinations of 2 from: ".join(" ",@n)."\n";
  print "------------------------".("--" x scalar(@n))."\n";
  while(my @combo = $combinat->next_combination){
    print join(' ', @combo)."\n";
  }

  print "\n";

  print "permutations of 3 from: ".join(" ",@n)."\n";
  print "------------------------".("--" x scalar(@n))."\n";
  while(my @permu = $combinat->next_permutation){
    print join(' ', @permu)."\n";
  }

  output:
combinations of 2 from: a b c
  ------------------------------
  a b
  a c
  b c

  permutations of 3 from: a b c
  ------------------------------
  a b c
  a c b
  b a c
  b c a
  c a b
  c b a

回答4:

take first string
iterate over array from next position to end
1. attach next string to original string
take next string and go back to step 2

回答5:

How about:

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dump qw(dump);

my @in = qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE);
my @list;
while(my $first = shift @in) {
    last unless @in;
    my $rest = join',',@in;
    push @list, glob("{$first}{$rest}");
}
dump @list;

output:

(
  "AAABBB",
  "AAACCC",
  "AAADDD",
  "AAAEEE",
  "BBBCCC",
  "BBBDDD",
  "BBBEEE",
  "CCCDDD",
  "CCCEEE",
  "DDDEEE",
)

回答6:

Here's a hack using glob:

my @list = qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE);

for my $i (0..$#list-1) {
    print join "\n", glob sprintf "{'$list[$i] '}{%s}",
          join ",", @list[$i+1..$#list];
    print "\n";
}

The output:

AAA BBB
AAA CCC
AAA DDD
AAA EEE
BBB CCC
BBB DDD
BBB EEE
CCC DDD
CCC EEE
DDD EEE

P.S. you may want to use Text::Glob::Expand or String::Glob::Permute modules instead of plain glob() to avoid the caveat of matching files in the current working directory.

回答7:

I benchmarked the following Perl modules:

Math::Combinatorics
Algorithm::Combinatorics
Cmb

Benchmark consisted of doing what the OP asked, combinations of 2 items, but ramping the set of words up to 10,000 instead of just the original 5 requested (AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE).

Test script for Math::Combinatorics

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict; use warnings;
use Math::Combinatorics;
my $strings = [qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE) x 2000];
my $iter = new Math::Combinatorics (count => 2, data => $strings);
while (my @c = $iter->next_combination) {
    print "@c\n";
}

This produced ~53,479 combinations per-second.

Test script for Algorithm::Combinatorics

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict; use warnings;
use Algorithm::Combinatorics qw(combinations);
my $strings = [qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE) x 2000];
my $iter = combinations($strings, 2);
while (my $c = $iter->next) {
    print "@$c\n";
}

This produced ~861,982 combinations per-second.

Test script for Cmb

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict; use warnings;
use Cmb;
my $strings = [qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE) x 2000];
my $cmb = new Cmb { size_min => 2, size_max => 2 };
$cmb->cmb_callback($#$strings + 1, $strings, sub {
    print "@_\n";
    return 0;
});

This produced ~2,940,882 combinations per-second.

But if you just need to print the combinations, Cmb can actually do that even faster than the above.

#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict; use warnings;
use Cmb;
my $strings = [qw(AAA BBB CCC DDD EEE) x 2000];
my $cmb = new Cmb { size_min => 2, size_max => 2 };
$cmb->cmb($#$strings + 1, $strings);

This produced ~3,333,000 combinations per-second.

Benchmarks were performed using dpv on CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core) under kernel 3.10.0-1062.1.1.el7.x86_64 x86_64 using Perl 5.16.3 on an Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v4 @ 2.20GHz

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10299961/in-perl-how-can-i-generate-all-possible-combinations-of-a-list

标签

arrays

perl

combinations

combinatorics