问题
Since I'm making a full backup of my entire debian system, I was thinking if having a copy of /var/lib/mysql directory is a viable alternative to dumping tables with mysqldump.
- are all informations needed contained in that directory?
- can single tables be imported in another mysql?
- can there be problems while restoring those files on a (probably slightly) different mysql server version?
回答1:
- Yes
- Yes if the table is using the MyISAM (default) engine. Not if it's using InnoDB.
- Probably not, and if there is, you just need to execute mysql_upgrade to fix them
To avoid getting databases in a inconsistent state, you can either shutdown MySQL or use LOCK TABLES and then FLUSH TABLES before the backup. The second solution is a little better because the MySQL server will remain available during the backup (albeit read only).
回答2:
This approach is only going to work safely if you shut the database down first. Otherwise you could well end up in an inconsistent state afterwards. Use the /etc/init.d/mysql stop command first. You can then restart it after the backup is taken.
回答3:
It's perfectly OK as long as you shut down the MySQL sever first and use exactly the same version to retrieve the "backup". Otherwise it isn't.
回答4:
For a complete discussion of the 2 strategies, you need to read this: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/backup-types.html
The currently best free and open-source solution seems to be Percona's: http://www.percona.com/software/percona-xtrabackup
回答5:
I'll go with a strong NO.
From my experience, backing up/restoring raw mysql data files can be used only on the same os/server version. It does not work cross platform (eg. ubuntu/macos) with same server versions nor if mysql server versions are different on same platform.
Percona XtraBackup (innobackupex) from Percona MySQL distro will let you do live & differential mysql backup and serve you the backup files that can be restored by copying to /var/lib/mysql/. You need to be running Percona Server for MySQL to use all of this.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2482491/is-copying-var-lib-mysql-a-good-alterntive-to-mysqldump