How to split a string into substrings of equal length

问题

So

split("There are fourty-eight characters in this string", 20)

should return

["There are fourty-eig", "ht characters in thi","s string"]

If I make currentIndex = string.startIndex and then try to advance() it further than a string.endIndex, I get "fatal error: can not increment endIndex" before I check if my currentIndex < string.endIndex so the code below doesn't work

var string = "12345"
var currentIndex = string.startIndex
currentIndex = advance(currentIndex, 6)
if currentIndex > string.endIndex {currentIndex = string.endIndex}

回答1:

I just answered a similar question on SO and thought I can provide a more concise solution:

Swift 2

func split(str: String, _ count: Int) -> [String] {
    return 0.stride(to: str.characters.count, by: count).map { i -> String in
        let startIndex = str.startIndex.advancedBy(i)
        let endIndex   = startIndex.advancedBy(count, limit: str.endIndex)
        return str[startIndex..<endIndex]
    }
}

Swift 3

func split(_ str: String, _ count: Int) -> [String] {
    return stride(from: 0, to: str.characters.count, by: count).map { i -> String in
        let startIndex = str.index(str.startIndex, offsetBy: i)
        let endIndex   = str.index(startIndex, offsetBy: count, limitedBy: str.endIndex) ?? str.endIndex
        return str[startIndex..<endIndex]
    }
}

Swift 4

Changed to a while loop for better efficiency and made into a String's extension by popular request:

extension String {
    func split(by length: Int) -> [String] {
        var startIndex = self.startIndex
        var results = [Substring]()

        while startIndex < self.endIndex {
            let endIndex = self.index(startIndex, offsetBy: length, limitedBy: self.endIndex) ?? self.endIndex
            results.append(self[startIndex..<endIndex])
            startIndex = endIndex
        }

        return results.map { String($0) }
    }
}

回答2:

This problem could be easily solved with just one pass through the characters sequence:

Swift 2.2

extension String {
    func splitByLength(length: Int) -> [String] {
        var result = [String]()
        var collectedCharacters = [Character]()
        collectedCharacters.reserveCapacity(length)
        var count = 0

        for character in self.characters {
            collectedCharacters.append(character)
            count += 1
            if (count == length) {
                // Reached the desired length
                count = 0
                result.append(String(collectedCharacters))
                collectedCharacters.removeAll(keepCapacity: true)
            }
        }

        // Append the remainder
        if !collectedCharacters.isEmpty {
            result.append(String(collectedCharacters))
        }

        return result
    }
}

let foo = "There are fourty-eight characters in this string"
foo.splitByLength(20)

Swift 3.0

extension String {
    func splitByLength(_ length: Int) -> [String] {
        var result = [String]()
        var collectedCharacters = [Character]()
        collectedCharacters.reserveCapacity(length)
        var count = 0

        for character in self.characters {
            collectedCharacters.append(character)
            count += 1
            if (count == length) {
                // Reached the desired length
                count = 0
                result.append(String(collectedCharacters))
                collectedCharacters.removeAll(keepingCapacity: true)
            }
        }

        // Append the remainder
        if !collectedCharacters.isEmpty {
            result.append(String(collectedCharacters))
        }

        return result
    }
}

let foo = "There are fourty-eight characters in this string"
foo.splitByLength(20)

Since String is a pretty complicated type, ranges and indexes could have different computational costs depending on the view. These details are still evolving, thus the above one-pass solution might be a safer choice.

Hope this helps

回答3:

String extension based on "Code Different" answer:

Swift 3/4/5

extension String {
    func components(withLength length: Int) -> [String] {
        return stride(from: 0, to: self.characters.count, by: length).map {
            let start = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: $0)
            let end = self.index(start, offsetBy: length, limitedBy: self.endIndex) ?? self.endIndex
            return self[start..<end]
        }
    }
}

Usage

let str = "There are fourty-eight characters in this string"
let components = str.components(withLength: 20)

回答4:

You must not use range that exceeds the string size. The following method will demonstrates how to do it:

extension String {
    func split(len: Int) -> [String] {
        var currentIndex = 0
        var array = [String]()
        let length = self.characters.count
        while currentIndex < length {
            let startIndex = self.startIndex.advancedBy(currentIndex)
            let endIndex = startIndex.advancedBy(len, limit: self.endIndex)
            let substr = self.substringWithRange(Range(start: startIndex, end: endIndex))
            array.append(substr)
            currentIndex += len
        }
        return array
    }
}

Usage:

"There are fourty-eight characters in this string".split(20)
//output: ["There are fourty-eig", "ht characters in thi", "s string"]

or

"😀😁😂😃😄😅😆⛵".split(3)
//output: ["😀😁😂", "😃😄😅", "😆⛵"]

Edit: Updated the answer to work with Xcode 7 beta 6. The advance method is gone, replaced by advancedBy instance methods of Index. The advancedBy:limit: version is especially useful in this case.

回答5:

Swift 5, based on @Ondrej Stocek solution

extension String {
    func components(withMaxLength length: Int) -> [String] {
        return stride(from: 0, to: self.count, by: length).map {
            let start = self.index(self.startIndex, offsetBy: $0)
            let end = self.index(start, offsetBy: length, limitedBy: self.endIndex) ?? self.endIndex
            return String(self[start..<end])
        }
    }
}

回答6:

endIndex is not a valid index; it is one more than the valid range.

回答7:

Here is a string extension you can use if you want to split a String at a certain length, but also take into account words:

Swift 4:

func splitByLength(_ length: Int, seperator: String) -> [String] {
    var result = [String]()
    var collectedWords = [String]()
    collectedWords.reserveCapacity(length)
    var count = 0
    let words = self.components(separatedBy: " ")

    for word in words {
        count += word.count + 1 //add 1 to include space
        if (count > length) {
            // Reached the desired length

            result.append(collectedWords.map { String($0) }.joined(separator: seperator) )
            collectedWords.removeAll(keepingCapacity: true)

            count = word.count
            collectedWords.append(word)
        } else {
            collectedWords.append(word)
        }
    }

    // Append the remainder
    if !collectedWords.isEmpty {
        result.append(collectedWords.map { String($0) }.joined(separator: seperator))
    }

    return result
}

This is a modification of Matteo Piombo's answer above.

Usage

let message = "Here is a string that I want to split."
let message_lines = message.splitByLength(18, separator: " ")

//output: [ "Here is a string", "that I want to", "split." ]

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32212220/how-to-split-a-string-into-substrings-of-equal-length