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什么是微信openid?
某个微信账号,针对某个公众号,的唯一标示,而且不变;针对不同的公众号会有不同的openid;
openid有什么用?
用来获取用户基本信息,头像、昵称、性别、地区等
*昵称带ios图标的需要urlencode转码保存入数据库,转码出来才能显示,不然会出现字符不能识别,昵称空白乱码
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一、关于微信开发
涉及到微信开发的,基本都是获取openid来确定用户的唯一性(用户的唯一id);剩下的只是看需求处理;
例如,如何微信登陆?数据库保存openid,通过获取openid和数据库的openid做匹配,也可以写进cookie,不需要每次都通过微信获取openid;
那么如何获取openid?
首先需要AppID(应用ID)和AppSecret(应用密钥),在微信后台可以获取,因为所有调用微信端的方法都需要用到
AppID(应用ID) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
AppSecret(应用密钥) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
code列如:
define("APPID", "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
define("SECRET", "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
// 不需要授权按钮,默认授权
$url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=".APPID."&redirect_uri=".urlencode("http://www.xxxxxxxx.com/?app=appxxx&act=bx_redirect_pre")."&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_base&state=STATE&connect_redirect=1#wechat_redirect";
// 如果要获取用户的详细信息(昵称、头像、地区等) (需授权按钮,scope设置为snsapi_userinfo)
$url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=".APPID."&redirect_uri=".urlencode("http://www.xxxxxxxx.com/?app=appxxx&act=bx_redirect_pre")."&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=STATEconnect_redirect=1#wechat_redirect";
header("Location: ".$url);
//通过code换取网页授权,获取到网页授权access_token的同时,也获取到了openid:
https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code
//微信回调方法
function bx_redirect_pre() {
$code = $_GET['code']; // 1. 用get方法得到回调的code
if ( $code ) { // 2. 根据code获得,用户的openid
$url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=".APPID."&secret=".SECRET."&code=".$code."&grant_type=authorization_code";
$json = file_get_contents($url);
$array = json_decode($json, true);
$weixin_openid = $array['openid']; //这里获取微信openid
$access_token = $array['access_token']; //网页授权接口调用凭证,注意:此access_token与基础支持的access_token不同
// openid已获取,随便折腾…………………………
// 如果要获取用户的详细信息(昵称、头像、地区等) (需授权按钮,scope设置为snsapi_userinfo)
// http:GET(请使用https协议)
// https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN
if ($weixin_openid) {
// 获取用户信息
$user_info_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=".$access_token."&openid=".$weixin_openid."&lang=zh_CN";
$user_info_json = json_decode(file_get_contents($user_info_url), true);
$headimgurl = $user_info_json['headimgurl'];
$unionid = $user_info_json['unionid'];
$nickname = $user_info_json['nickname'];
$nickname = urlencode($nickname);
$sex = $user_info_json['sex'];
$language = $user_info_json['language'];
$city = $user_info_json['city'];
$province = $user_info_json['province'];
$privilege = "";
}
}
}
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二、微信公众平台消息接管操作
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/10/79502792eef98d6e0c6e1739da387346.html
1.首先配置微信接口,提供url链接,验证网站是否可以处理微信消息,在微信平台填写url进行验证
2.验证通过后就可以屏蔽这个方法,写入自己的程序替代验证方法,用于处理用户输入信息(可以是语音信息)
public function valid() {
$echoStr = $_GET["echostr"];
//valid signature , option
if($this->checkSignature()){
echo $echoStr;
exit;
}
}
private function checkSignature() {
$signature = $_GET["signature"];
$timestamp = $_GET["timestamp"];
$nonce = $_GET["nonce"];
$token = TOKEN;
$tmpArr = array($token, $timestamp, $nonce);
sort($tmpArr, SORT_STRING);
$tmpStr = implode( $tmpArr );
$tmpStr = sha1( $tmpStr );
if( $tmpStr == $signature ){
return true;
}else{
return false;
}
}
public function responseMsg() {
//get post data, May be due to the different environments
$postStr = $GLOBALS["HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA"];
// //extract post data
if (!empty($postStr)) {
$postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA);
$fromUsername = $postObj->FromUserName;
$toUsername = $postObj->ToUserName;
if ( trim($postObj->Recognition) ) { //语音
$keyword = trim($postObj->Recognition);
} else {
$keyword = trim($postObj->Content);
}
$time = time();
$textTpl = "<xml>
<ToUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></ToUserName>
<FromUserName><![CDATA[%s]]></FromUserName>
<CreateTime>%s</CreateTime>
<MsgType><![CDATA[%s]]></MsgType>
<Content><![CDATA[%s]]></Content>
<FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag>
</xml>";
$msgType = "text";
//关注消息推送、或其他事件自定义
// $event = $postObj->Event;
if ($event=="subscribe") {
$contentStr = "这些推送刚关注的消息";
$resultStr = sprintf($textTpl, $fromUsername, $toUsername, $time, $msgType, $contentStr);
echo $resultStr;
exit();
}
$weixin_openid = $fromUsername;
if( ! empty( $keyword ) ) {
$contentStr = "推送的消息";
$resultStr = sprintf($textTpl, $fromUsername, $toUsername, $time, $msgType, $contentStr);
echo $resultStr;
}
} else {
exit;
}
}
//微信接口数据处理
public function jiekou() {
//1.判断是否已经存入红包
//$this->valid();
$this->responseMsg();
}
问题:当服务器卡,或其他原因,会出现微信重复推送消息的问题
解决方法:
根据 MsgID 或 openid+createtime 来排除重复的推送请求,重复的推送 MsgID 或 openid+createtime 会相同
$postObj = simplexml_load_string($postStr, 'SimpleXMLElement', LIBXML_NOCDATA);
$fromUsername = $postObj->FromUserName;
$toUsername = $postObj->ToUserName;
$createTime = $postObj->CreateTime;
$msgId = $postObj->MsgId;
****************************************************************************************************************************************
三、微信分享html页面
<?php
require_once ("jssdk.php");
$jssdk = new JSSDK("wx059077272f261fb8", "c8902a348825a64627ffa7a05be036c9");
$signPackage = $jssdk->GetSignPackage();
?>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://res.wx.qq.com/open/js/jweixin-1.0.0.js"></script>
<script>
/*
* 注意:
* 1. 所有的JS接口只能在公众号绑定的域名下调用,公众号开发者需要先登录微信公众平台进入“公众号设置”的“功能设置”里填写“JS接口安全域名”。
* 2. 如果发现在 Android 不能分享自定义内容,请到官网下载最新的包覆盖安装,Android 自定义分享接口需升级至 6.0.2.58 版本及以上。
* 3. 常见问题及完整 JS-SDK 文档地址:http://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki/7/aaa137b55fb2e0456bf8dd9148dd613f.html
*
* 开发中遇到问题详见文档“附录5-常见错误及解决办法”解决,如仍未能解决可通过以下渠道反馈:
* 邮箱地址:weixin-open@qq.com
* 邮件主题:【微信JS-SDK反馈】具体问题
* 邮件内容说明:用简明的语言描述问题所在,并交代清楚遇到该问题的场景,可附上截屏图片,微信团队会尽快处理你的反馈。
*/
wx.config({
debug: false,
appId: '{$signPackage["appId"]}',
timestamp: {$signPackage["timestamp"]},
nonceStr: '{$signPackage["nonceStr"]}',
signature: '{$signPackage["signature"]}',
jsApiList: [
// 所有要调用的 API 都要加到这个列表中
'checkJsApi',
'onMenuShareTimeline',
'onMenuShareAppMessage'
]
});
wx.ready(function () {
//获取“分享到朋友圈”
wx.onMenuShareTimeline({
title: '', // 分享标题
link: "", // 分享链接
imgUrl: "share.jpg", // 分享图标
desc: '', // 分享描述
success: function () { //分享成功操作
},
cancel: function () {
}
});
//获取“分享给朋友”
wx.onMenuShareAppMessage({
title: '', // 分享标题
link: "", // 分享链接
imgUrl: "share.jpg", // 分享图标
desc: '', // 分享描述
success: function () { //分享成功操作
},
cancel: function () {
}
});
});
</script>
附录文件jssdk.php
<?php
class JSSDK {
private $appId;
private $appSecret;
public function __construct($appId, $appSecret) {
$this->appId = $appId;
$this->appSecret = $appSecret;
}
public function getSignPackage() {
$jsapiTicket = $this->getJsApiTicket();
// 注意 URL 一定要动态获取,不能 hardcode.
$protocol = (!empty($_SERVER['HTTPS']) && $_SERVER['HTTPS'] !== 'off' || $_SERVER['SERVER_PORT'] == 443) ? "https://" : "http://";
$url = "$protocol$_SERVER[HTTP_HOST]$_SERVER[REQUEST_URI]";
$timestamp = time();
$nonceStr = $this->createNonceStr();
// 这里参数的顺序要按照 key 值 ASCII 码升序排序
$string = "jsapi_ticket=$jsapiTicket&noncestr=$nonceStr×tamp=$timestamp&url=$url";
$signature = sha1($string);
$signPackage = array(
"appId" => $this->appId,
"nonceStr" => $nonceStr,
"timestamp" => $timestamp,
"url" => $url,
"signature" => $signature,
"rawString" => $string
);
return $signPackage;
}
private function createNonceStr($length = 16) {
$chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
$str = "";
for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i++) {
$str .= substr($chars, mt_rand(0, strlen($chars) - 1), 1);
}
return $str;
}
private function getJsApiTicket() {
// jsapi_ticket 应该全局存储与更新,以下代码以写入到文件中做示例
$data = json_decode(file_get_contents("jsapi_ticket.json"));
if ($data->expire_time < time()) {
$accessToken = $this->getAccessToken();
// 如果是企业号用以下 URL 获取 ticket
// $url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/get_jsapi_ticket?access_token=$accessToken";
$url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?type=jsapi&access_token=$accessToken";
$res = json_decode($this->httpGet($url));
$ticket = $res->ticket;
if ($ticket) {
$data->expire_time = time() + 7000;
$data->jsapi_ticket = $ticket;
$fp = fopen("jsapi_ticket.json", "w");
fwrite($fp, json_encode($data));
fclose($fp);
}
} else {
$ticket = $data->jsapi_ticket;
}
return $ticket;
}
private function getAccessToken() {
// access_token 应该全局存储与更新,以下代码以写入到文件中做示例
$data = json_decode(file_get_contents("access_token.json"));
if ($data->expire_time < time()) {
// 如果是企业号用以下URL获取access_token
// $url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/gettoken?corpid=$this->appId&corpsecret=$this->appSecret";
$url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=$this->appId&secret=$this->appSecret";
$res = json_decode($this->httpGet($url));
$access_token = $res->access_token;
if ($access_token) {
$data->expire_time = time() + 7000;
$data->access_token = $access_token;
$fp = fopen("access_token.json", "w");
fwrite($fp, json_encode($data));
fclose($fp);
}
} else {
$access_token = $data->access_token;
}
return $access_token;
}
private function httpGet($url) {
$curl = curl_init();
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 500);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, false);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, false);
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
$res = curl_exec($curl);
curl_close($curl);
return $res;
}
}
来源:oschina
链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/2962/blog/516110