Getting distance between two points based on latitude/longitude

问题

I tried implementing this formula: http://andrew.hedges.name/experiments/haversine/ The aplet does good for the two points I am testing:

$\"enter$

Yet my code is not working.

from math import sin, cos, sqrt, atan2

R = 6373.0

lat1 = 52.2296756
lon1 = 21.0122287
lat2 = 52.406374
lon2 = 16.9251681

dlon = lon2 - lon1
dlat = lat2 - lat1
a = (sin(dlat/2))**2 + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * (sin(dlon/2))**2
c = 2 * atan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1-a))
distance = R * c

print \"Result\", distance
print \"Should be\", 278.546

The distance it returns is 5447.05546147. Why?

回答1:

Edit: Just as a note, if you just need a quick and easy way of finding the distance between two points, I strongly recommend using the approach described in Kurt's answer below instead of re-implementing Haversine -- see his post for rationale.

This answer focuses just on answering the specific bug OP ran into.

It's because in Python, all the trig functions use radians, not degrees.

You can either convert the numbers manually to radians, or use the radians function from the math module:

from math import sin, cos, sqrt, atan2, radians

# approximate radius of earth in km
R = 6373.0

lat1 = radians(52.2296756)
lon1 = radians(21.0122287)
lat2 = radians(52.406374)
lon2 = radians(16.9251681)

dlon = lon2 - lon1
dlat = lat2 - lat1

a = sin(dlat / 2)**2 + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * sin(dlon / 2)**2
c = 2 * atan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1 - a))

distance = R * c

print("Result:", distance)
print("Should be:", 278.546, "km")

The distance is now returning the correct value of 278.545589351 km.

回答2:

Update: 04/2018: Note that Vincenty distance is deprecated since GeoPy version 1.13 - you should use geopy.distance.distance() instead!

The answers above are based on the Haversine formula, which assumes the earth is a sphere, which results in errors of up to about 0.5% (according to help(geopy.distance)). Vincenty distance uses more accurate ellipsoidal models such as WGS-84, and is implemented in geopy. For example,

import geopy.distance

coords_1 = (52.2296756, 21.0122287)
coords_2 = (52.406374, 16.9251681)

print geopy.distance.vincenty(coords_1, coords_2).km

will print the distance of 279.352901604 kilometers using the default ellipsoid WGS-84. (You can also choose .miles or one of several other distance units).

回答3:

For people (like me) coming here via search engine and just looking for a solution which works out of the box, I recommend installing mpu. Install it via pip install mpu --user and use it like this to get the haversine distance:

import mpu

# Point one
lat1 = 52.2296756
lon1 = 21.0122287

# Point two
lat2 = 52.406374
lon2 = 16.9251681

# What you were looking for
dist = mpu.haversine_distance((lat1, lon1), (lat2, lon2))
print(dist)  # gives 278.45817507541943.

An alternative package is gpxpy.

If you don't want dependencies, you can use:

import math


def distance(origin, destination):
    """
    Calculate the Haversine distance.

    Parameters
    ----------
    origin : tuple of float
        (lat, long)
    destination : tuple of float
        (lat, long)

    Returns
    -------
    distance_in_km : float

    Examples
    --------
    >>> origin = (48.1372, 11.5756)  # Munich
    >>> destination = (52.5186, 13.4083)  # Berlin
    >>> round(distance(origin, destination), 1)
    504.2
    """
    lat1, lon1 = origin
    lat2, lon2 = destination
    radius = 6371  # km

    dlat = math.radians(lat2 - lat1)
    dlon = math.radians(lon2 - lon1)
    a = (math.sin(dlat / 2) * math.sin(dlat / 2) +
         math.cos(math.radians(lat1)) * math.cos(math.radians(lat2)) *
         math.sin(dlon / 2) * math.sin(dlon / 2))
    c = 2 * math.atan2(math.sqrt(a), math.sqrt(1 - a))
    d = radius * c

    return d


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

回答4:

I arrived at a much simpler and robust solution which is using geodesic from geopy package since you'll be highly likely using it in your project anyways so no extra package installation needed.

Here is my solution:

from geopy.distance import geodesic


origin = (30.172705, 31.526725)  # (latitude, longitude) don't confuse
dist = (30.288281, 31.732326)

print(geodesic(origin, dist).meters)  # 23576.805481751613
print(geodesic(origin, dist).kilometers)  # 23.576805481751613
print(geodesic(origin, dist).miles)  # 14.64994773134371

geopy

回答5:

import numpy as np


def Haversine(lat1,lon1,lat2,lon2, **kwarg):
    """
    This uses the ‘haversine’ formula to calculate the great-circle distance between two points – that is, 
    the shortest distance over the earth’s surface – giving an ‘as-the-crow-flies’ distance between the points 
    (ignoring any hills they fly over, of course!).
    Haversine
    formula:    a = sin²(Δφ/2) + cos φ1 ⋅ cos φ2 ⋅ sin²(Δλ/2)
    c = 2 ⋅ atan2( √a, √(1−a) )
    d = R ⋅ c
    where   φ is latitude, λ is longitude, R is earth’s radius (mean radius = 6,371km);
    note that angles need to be in radians to pass to trig functions!
    """
    R = 6371.0088
    lat1,lon1,lat2,lon2 = map(np.radians, [lat1,lon1,lat2,lon2])

    dlat = lat2 - lat1
    dlon = lon2 - lon1
    a = np.sin(dlat/2)**2 + np.cos(lat1) * np.cos(lat2) * np.sin(dlon/2) **2
    c = 2 * np.arctan2(a**0.5, (1-a)**0.5)
    d = R * c
    return round(d,4)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19412462/getting-distance-between-two-points-based-on-latitude-longitude

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