Gaussian summation for 2D scatter plots using python

问题

I am trying to establish what people would loosely refer to as a homemade KDE - I suppose. I am trying to evaluate a density of a rather huge set of datapoints. In particular, having many data points for a scatter, I want to indicate the density using a color gradient (see link below).

For exemplification, I provide a random pair of (x,y) data below. The real data will be spread on different scales, hence the difference in X and Y grid point spacing.

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

def homemadeKDE(x, xgrid, y, ygrid, sigmaX = 1, sigmaY = 1):

    a = np.exp( -((xgrid[:,None]-x)/(2*sigmaX))**2 )
    b = np.exp( -((ygrid[:,None]-y)/(2*sigmaY))**2 ) 

    xweights = np.dot(a, x.T)/np.sum(a)
    yweights = np.dot(b, y.T)/np.sum(b)  

    return xweights, yweights

x = np.random.rand(10000)
x.sort()
y = np.random.rand(10000)

xGrid = np.linspace(0, 500, 501)
yGrid = np.linspace(0, 10, 11)

newX, newY = homemadeKDE(x, xGrid, y, yGrid)

What I am stuck with is, how to project these values back to the original x and y vector so I can use it for plotting a 2D scatter plot (x,y) with a z value for the density colored by a given color map like so:

plt.scatter(x, y, c = z, cmap = "jet")

Plotting and KDE approach is in fact inspired by this great answer

EDIT 1 To smooth out some confusion, the idea is to do a gaussian KDE, which would be on a much coarser grid. SigmaX and sigmaY reflect the bandwidth of the kernel in x and y directions, respectively.

回答1:

I was actually- with a little bit of thinking -able to solve the problem on my own. Also thanks to the help and insightful comments.

import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

def gaussianSum1D(gridpoints, datapoints, sigma=1):

    a = np.exp( -((gridpoints[:,None]-datapoints)/sigma)**2 )

    return a

#some test data
x = np.random.rand(10000)
y = np.random.rand(10000)

#create grids
gridSize = 100
xedges = np.linspace(np.min(x), np.max(x), gridSize)
yedges = np.linspace(np.min(y), np.max(y), gridSize)

#calculate weights for both dimensions seperately
a = gaussianSum1D(xedges, x, sigma=2)
b = gaussianSum1D(yedges, y, sigma=0.1)

Z = np.dot(a, b.T).T

#plot original data
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(x, y, s = 1)
#overlay data with contours 
ax.contour(xedges, yedges, Z, cmap = "jet")

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49451834/gaussian-summation-for-2d-scatter-plots-using-python

标签

python

numpy

matplotlib

gaussian

kde