How to specify in crontab by what user to run script?

问题

I have few crontab jobs that run under root, but that gives me some problems. For example all folders created in process of that cron job are under user root and group root. How can i make it to run under user www-data and group www-data so when i run scripts from my website i can manipulate those folders and files?

My server runs on Ubuntu.
Current crontab job is:

*/1 * * * * php5 /var/www/web/includes/crontab/queue_process.php >> /var/www/web/includes/crontab/queue.log 2>&1

回答1:

Instead of creating a crontab to run as the root user, create a crontab for the user that you want to run the script. In your case, crontab -u www-data -e will edit the crontab for the www-data user. Just put your full command in there and remove it from the root user's crontab.

回答2:

EDIT: Note that this method won't work with crontab -e, but only works if you edit /etc/crontab directly. Otherwise, you may get an error like /bin/sh: www-data: command not found

Just before the program name:

*/1 * * * * www-data php5 /var/www/web/includes/crontab/queue_process.php >> /var/www/web/includes/crontab/queue.log 2>&1

回答3:

Since you're running Ubuntu, your system crontab is located at /etc/crontab.

As the root user (or using sudo), you can simply edit this file and specify the user that should run this command. Here is the format of entries in the system crontab and how you should enter your command:

# m h dom mon dow user  command
*/1 * * * * www-data php5 /var/www/web/includes/crontab/queue_process.php >> /var/www/web/includes/crontab/queue.log 2>&1

Of course the permissions for your php script and your log file should be set so that the www-data user has access to them.

回答4:

You can also try using runuser (as root) to run a command as a different user

*/1 * * * * runuser php5 \
            --command="/var/www/web/includes/crontab/queue_process.php \
                       >> /var/www/web/includes/crontab/queue.log 2>&1"

See also: man runuser

回答5:

Mike's suggestion sounds like the "right way". I came across this thread wanting to specify the user to run vncserver under on reboot and wanted to keep all my cron jobs in one place.

I was getting the following error for the VNC cron:

vncserver: The USER environment variable is not set. E.g.:

In my case, I was able to use sudo to specify who to run the task as.

@reboot sudo -u [someone] vncserver ...

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8475694/how-to-specify-in-crontab-by-what-user-to-run-script