关于如何使用git diff 理解的差别

参考博文 https://www.git-tower.com/learn/git/ebook/cn/command-line/advanced-topics/diffs

git diff 相关命令

查看已暂存和未暂存的修改

如果 git status 命令的输出对于你来说过于模糊，你想知道具体修改了什么地方，可以用 git diff命令。稍后我们会详细介绍 git diff，你可能通常会用它来回答这两个问题：当前做的哪些更新还没有暂存？有哪些更新已经暂存起来准备好了下次提交？尽管 git status 已经通过在相应栏下列出文件名的方式回答了这个问题，git diff 将通过文件补丁的格式显示具体哪些行发生了改变。

假如再次修改 README 文件后暂存，然后编辑 CONTRIBUTING.md 文件后先不暂存，运行 status 命令将会看到：

$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
 (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

 modified: README

Changes not staged for commit:
 (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

 modified: CONTRIBUTING.md

要查看尚未暂存的文件更新了哪些部分，不加参数直接输入 git diff：

$ git diff
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 8ebb991..643e24f 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ branch directly, things can get messy.
 Please include a nice description of your changes when you submit your PR;
 if we have to read the whole diff to figure out why you're contributing
 in the first place, you're less likely to get feedback and have your change
-merged in.
+merged in. Also, split your changes into comprehensive chunks if your patch is
+longer than a dozen lines.

 If you are starting to work on a particular area, feel free to submit a PR
 that highlights your work in progress (and note in the PR title that it's

此命令比较的是工作目录中当前文件和暂存区域快照之间的差异，也就是修改之后还没有暂存起来的变化内容。

若要查看已暂存的将要添加到下次提交里的内容，可以用 git diff --cached 命令。（Git 1.6.1 及更高版本还允许使用 git diff --staged，效果是相同的，但更好记些。）

$ git diff --staged
diff --git a/README b/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03902a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+My Project

请注意，git diff 本身只显示尚未暂存的改动，而不是自上次提交以来所做的所有改动。所以有时候你一下子暂存了所有更新过的文件后，运行 git diff 后却什么也没有，就是这个原因。

像之前说的，暂存 CONTRIBUTING.md 后再编辑，运行 git status 会看到暂存前后的两个版本。如果我们的环境（终端输出）看起来如下：

$ git add CONTRIBUTING.md
$ echo '# test line' >> CONTRIBUTING.md
$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
 (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

 modified: CONTRIBUTING.md

Changes not staged for commit:
 (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
 (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

 modified: CONTRIBUTING.md

现在运行 git diff 看暂存前后的变化：

$ git diff

diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 643e24f..87f08c8 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -119,3 +119,4 @@ at the
 ## Starter Projects

 See our [projects list](https://github.com/libgit2/libgit2/blob/development/PROJECTS.md).
+# test line

然后用 git diff --cached 查看已经暂存起来的变化：（--staged 和 --cached 是同义词）

$ git diff --cached

diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index 8ebb991..643e24f 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ branch directly, things can get messy.
 Please include a nice description of your changes when you submit your PR;
 if we have to read the whole diff to figure out why you're contributing
 in the first place, you're less likely to get feedback and have your change
-merged in.
+merged in. Also, split your changes into comprehensive chunks if your patch is
+longer than a dozen lines.

 If you are starting to work on a particular area, feel free to submit a PR
 that highlights your work in progress (and note in the PR title that it's

git diff 可以查看修改的内容和最近版本库里面的区别

git diff filename

也可以查看两个版本库里面文件的差别，显示状态

git diff --name-status head origin

查看两个版本库里面某一个文件的差异

注意最好先cd 到相应的文件夹下面否则可能因为路径问题，找不到文件。

git diff head origin src/com/hp/auth/LogAgent.java

查看两个版本库里面修改的文件,可以完整显示文件的路径。

$ git diff --name-only head origin

来源：oschina

链接：https://my.oschina.net/u/2308739/blog/705019

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