Itertools Combinations No Repeats: Where rgb is equivelant to rbg etc

问题

I'm trying to use itertools.combinations to return unique combinations. I've searched through several similar questions but have not been able to find an answer.

An example:

>>> import itertools
>>> e = ['r','g','b','g']
>>> list(itertools.combinations(e,3))
[('r', 'g', 'b'), ('r', 'g', 'g'), ('r', 'b', 'g'), ('g', 'b', 'g')]

For my purposes, (r,g,b) is identical to (r,b,g) and so I would want to return only (rgb),(rgg) and (gbg).

This is just an illustrative example and I would want to ignore all such 'duplicates'. The list e could contain up to 5 elements. Each individual element would be either r, g or b. Always looking for combinations of 3 elements from e.

To be concrete, the following are the only combinations I wish to call 'valid': (rrr), (ggg), (bbb), (rgb).

So perhaps the question boils down to how to treat any variation of (rgb) as equal to (rgb) and therefore ignore it.

Can I use itertools to achieve this or do I need to write my own code to drop the 'dupliates' here? If no itertools solution then I can just easily check if each is a variation of (rgb), but this feels a bit 'un-pythonic'.

回答1:

According to your definition of "valid outputs", you can directly build them like this:

from collections import Counter

# Your distinct values
values = ['r', 'g', 'b']

e = ['r','g','b','g', 'g']

count = Counter(e)
# Counter({'g': 3, 'r': 1, 'b': 1})

# If x appears at least 3 times, 'xxx' is a valid combination  
combinations = [x*3 for x in values if count[x] >=3]

# If all values appear at least once, 'rgb' is a valid combination
if all([count[x]>=1 for x in values]):
    combinations.append('rgb')

print(combinations)
#['ggg', 'rgb']

This will be more efficient than creating all possible combinations and filtering the valid ones afterwards.

回答2:

You can use a set to discard duplicates.

In your case the number of characters is the way you identify duplicates so you could use collections.Counter. In order to save them in a set you need to convert them to frozensets though (because Counter isn't hashable):

>>> import itertools
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> e = ['r','g','b','g']
>>> result = []
>>> seen = set()
>>> for comb in itertools.combinations(e,3):
...     cnts = frozenset(Counter(comb).items())
...     if cnts in seen:
...         pass
...     else:
...         seen.add(cnts)
...         result.append(comb)
>>> result
[('r', 'g', 'b'), ('r', 'g', 'g'), ('g', 'b', 'g')]

If you want to convert them to strings use:

result.append(''.join(comb))  # instead of result.append(comb)

and it will give:

['rgb', 'rgg', 'gbg']

The approach is a variation of the unique_everseen recipe (itertools module documentation) - so it's probably "quite pythonic".

回答3:

It is not completely clear what you want to return. It depends on what comes first when iterating. For example if gbr is found first, then rgb will be discarded as a duplicate:

import itertools

e = ['r','g','b','g']       
s = set(e)
v = [s] * len(s)

solns = []

for c in itertools.product(*v):
    in_order = sorted(c)
    if in_order not in solns:
        solns.append(in_order)

print solns

This would give you:

[['r', 'r', 'r'], ['b', 'r', 'r'], ['g', 'r', 'r'], ['b', 'b', 'r'], ['b', 'g', 'r'], ['g', 'g', 'r'], ['b', 'b', 'b'], ['b', 'b', 'g'], ['b', 'g', 'g'], ['g', 'g', 'g']]

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44306882/itertools-combinations-no-repeats-where-rgb-is-equivelant-to-rbg-etc

标签

python

combinations

itertools