Return a regex match in a BASH script, instead of replacing it

问题

I just want to match some text in a BASH script, i’v tried using sed, but I can’t seem to make it just output the match instead of replacing it with something.

echo -E "TestT100String" | sed 's/[0-9]+/dontReplace/g'

Which will output: TestTdontReplaceString

Which isn’t what I want, I want it to output: 100

Ideally I would want it to put all the matches in an array.

edit: Text input is coming in as a string:

newName()
{
 #Get input from function
 newNameTXT="$1"

 if [[ $newNameTXT ]]; then
 #Use code that im working on now, using the $newNameTXT string.

 fi
} 

回答1:

echo "TestT100String" | sed 's/[^0-9]*\([0-9]\+\).*/\1/'

echo "TestT100String" | grep -o  '[0-9]\+'

The method you use to put the results in an array depends somewhat on how the actual data is being retrieved. There's not enough information in your question to be able to guide you well. However, here is one method:

index=0
while read -r line
do
    array[index++]=$(echo "$line" | grep -o  '[0-9]\+')
done < filename

Here's another way:

array=($(grep -o '[0-9]\+' filename))

回答2:

You could do this purely in bash using the double square bracket [[ ]] test operator, which stores results in an array called BASH_REMATCH:

[[ "TestT100String" =~ ([0-9]+) ]] && echo "${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"

回答3:

Pure Bash. Use parameter substitution (no external processes and pipes):

string="TestT100String"

echo ${string//[^[:digit:]]/}

Removes all non-digits.

回答4:

Use grep. Sed is an editor. If you only want to match a regexp, grep is more than sufficient.

回答5:

I Know this is an old topic but I came her along same searches and found another great possibility apply a regex on a String/Variable using grep:

# Simple
$(echo "TestT100String" | grep -Po "[0-9]{3}")
# More complex using lookaround
$(echo "TestT100String" | grep -Po "(?i)TestT\K[0-9]{3}(?=String)")

With using lookaround capabilities search expressions can be extended for better matching. Where (?i) indicates the Pattern before the searched Pattern (lookahead), \K indicates the actual search pattern and (?=) contains the pattern after the search (lookbehind).

https://www.regular-expressions.info/lookaround.html

The given example matches the same as the PCRE regex TestT([0-9]{3})String

回答6:

using awk

linux$ echo -E "TestT100String" | awk '{gsub(/[^0-9]/,"")}1'
100

回答7:

I don't know why nobody ever uses expr: it's portable and easy.

newName()
{
 #Get input from function
 newNameTXT="$1"

 if num=`expr "$newNameTXT" : '[^0-9]*\([0-9]\+\)'`; then
  echo "contains $num"
 fi
}

回答8:

Well , the Sed with the s/"pattern1"/"pattern2"/g just replaces globally all the pattern1s to pattern 2.

Besides that, sed while by default print the entire line by default . I suggest piping the instruction to a cut command and trying to extract the numbers u want :

If u are lookin only to use sed then use TRE:

sed -n 's/.*\(0-9\)\(0-9\)\(0-9\).*/\1,\2,\3/g'.

I dint try and execute the above command so just make sure the syntax is right. Hope this helped.

回答9:

using just the bash shell

declare -a array
i=0
while read -r line
do
        case "$line" in
            *TestT*String* )
            while true
            do
                line=${line#*TestT}
                array[$i]=${line%%String*}
                line=${line#*String*}
                i=$((i+1))
                case "$line" in
                    *TestT*String* ) continue;;
                    *) break;;
                esac
            done
            esac
done <"file"
echo ${array[@]}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1898553/return-a-regex-match-in-a-bash-script-instead-of-replacing-it