How to display unique records from a has_many through relationship?

问题

I'm wondering what is the best way to display unique records from a has_many, through relationship in Rails3.

I have three models:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many :orders
    has_many :products, :through => :orders
end

class Products < ActiveRecord::Base
    has_many :orders
    has_many :users, :through => :orders
end

class Order < ActiveRecord::Base
    belongs_to :user, :counter_cache => true 
    belongs_to :product, :counter_cache => true 
end

Lets say I want to list all the products a customer has ordered on their show page.

They may have ordered some products multiple times, so I'm using counter_cache to display in descending rank order, based on the number of orders.

But, if they have ordered a product multiple times, I need to ensure that each product is only listed once.

@products = @user.products.ranked(:limit => 10).uniq!

works when there are multiple order records for a product, but generates an error if a product has only been ordered once. (ranked is custom sort function defined elsewhere)

Another alternative is:

@products = @user.products.ranked(:limit => 10, :select => "DISTINCT(ID)")

I'm not confident that I'm on the right approach here.

Has anyone else tackled this? What issues did you come up against? Where can I find out more about the difference between .unique! and DISTINCT()?

What is the best way to generate a list of unique records through a has_many, through relationship?

Thanks

回答1:

Have you tried to specify the :uniq option on the has_many association:

has_many :products, :through => :orders, :uniq => true

From the Rails documentation:

:uniq

If true, duplicates will be omitted from the collection. Useful in conjunction with :through.

UPDATE FOR RAILS 4:

In Rails 4, has_many :products, :through => :orders, :uniq => true is deprecated. Instead, you should now write has_many :products, -> { distinct }, through: :orders. See the distinct section for has_many: :through relationships on the ActiveRecord Associations documentation for more information. Thanks to Kurt Mueller for pointing this out in his comment.

回答2:

Note that uniq: true has been removed from the valid options for has_many as of Rails 4.

In Rails 4 you have to supply a scope to configure this kind of behavior. Scopes can be supplied through lambdas, like so:

has_many :products, -> { uniq }, :through => :orders

The rails guide covers this and other ways you can use scopes to filter your relation's queries, scroll down to section 4.3.3:

http://guides.rubyonrails.org/association_basics.html#has-many-association-reference

回答3:

You could use group_by. For example, I have a photo gallery shopping cart for which I want order items to be sorted by which photo (each photo can be ordered multiple times and in different size prints). This then returns a hash with the product (photo) as the key and each time it was ordered can be listed in context of the photo (or not). Using this technique, you could actually output an order history for each given product. Not sure if that's helpful to you in this context, but I found it quite useful. Here's the code

OrdersController#show
  @order = Order.find(params[:id])
  @order_items_by_photo = @order.order_items.group_by(&:photo)

@order_items_by_photo then looks something like this:

=> {#<Photo id: 128>=>[#<OrderItem id: 2, photo_id: 128>, #<OrderItem id: 19, photo_id: 128>]

So you could do something like:

@orders_by_product = @user.orders.group_by(&:product)

Then when you get this in your view, just loop through something like this:

- for product, orders in @user.orders_by_product
  - "#{product.name}: #{orders.size}"
  - for order in orders
    - output_order_details

This way you avoid the issue seen when returning only one product, since you always know that it will return a hash with a product as the key and an array of your orders.

It might be overkill for what you're trying to do, but it does give you some nice options (i.e. dates ordered, etc.) to work with in addition to the quantity.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5846638/how-to-display-unique-records-from-a-has-many-through-relationship