Regular Expressions - Matching IRC-like parameters?

问题

I am looking to create a IRC-like command format:

/commandname parameter1 "parameter 2" "parameter \"3\"" parameter"4 parameter\"5

Which would (ideally) give me a list of parameters:

parameter1
parameter 2
parameter "3"
parameter"4
parameter\"5

Now from what I have read, this isn't at all trivial and might as well be done in some other method.

Thoughts?

Below is C# code that does the job I need:

public List<string> ParseIrcCommand(string command)
    {
        command = command.Trim();
        command = command.TrimStart(new char[] { '/' });
        command += ' ';

        List<string> Tokens = new List<string>();

        int tokenStart = 0;
        bool inQuotes = false;
        bool inToken = true;
        string currentToken = "";
        for (int i = tokenStart; i < command.Length; i++)
        {
            char currentChar = command[i];
            char nextChar = (i + 1 >= command.Length ? ' ' : command[i + 1]);

            if (!inQuotes && inToken && currentChar == ' ')
            {
                Tokens.Add(currentToken);
                currentToken = "";
                inToken = false;
                continue;
            }

            if (inQuotes && inToken && currentChar == '"')
            {
                Tokens.Add(currentToken);
                currentToken = "";
                inQuotes = false;
                inToken = false;
                if (nextChar == ' ') i++;
                continue;
            }

            if (inQuotes && inToken && currentChar == '\\' && nextChar == '"')
            {
                i++;
                currentToken += nextChar;
                continue;
            }

            if (!inToken && currentChar != ' ')
            {
                inToken = true;
                tokenStart = i;
                if (currentChar == '"')
                {
                    tokenStart++;
                    inQuotes = true;
                    continue;
                }
            }

            currentToken += currentChar;
        }

        return Tokens;
    }

回答1:

You have shown your code - that's good, but it seems that you haven't thought about whether it is reasonable to parse the command like that:

Firstly, your code will allow new line character inside the command name and parameters. It would be reasonable if you assume that new line character can never be there.
Secondly, \ also needs to be escaped like ", since there will be no way to specify a single \ at the end of a parameter without causing any confusion.
Thirdly, it is a bit weird to have the command name parsed the same way as parameters - command names are usually per-determined and fixed, so there is no need to allow for flexible ways to specify it.

I cannot think of one-line solution in JavaScript that is general. JavaScript regex lacks \G, which asserts the last match boundary. So my solution will have to make do with beginning of string assertion ^ and chomping off the string as a token is matched.

(There is not much code here, mostly comments)

function parseCommand(str) {
    /*
     * Trim() in C# will trim off all whitespace characters
     * \s in JavaScript regex also match any whitespace character
     * However, the set of characters considered as whitespace might not be
     * equivalent
     * But you can be sure that \r, \n, \t, space (ASCII 32) are included.
     * 
     * However, allowing all those whitespace characters in the command
     * is questionable.
     */
    str = str.replace(/^\s*\//, "");

    /* Look-ahead (?!") is needed to prevent matching of quoted parameter with
     * missing closing quote
     * The look-ahead comes from the fact that your code does not backtrack
     * while the regex engine will backtrack. Possessive qualifier can prevent
     * backtracking, but it is not supported by JavaScript RegExp.
     *
     * We emulate the effect of \G by using ^ and repeatedly chomping off
     * the string.
     *
     * The regex will match 2 cases:
     * (?!")([^ ]+)
     * This will match non-quoted tokens, which are not allowed to 
     * contain spaces
     * The token is captured into capturing group 1
     *
     * "((?:[^\\"]|\\[\\"])*)"
     * This will match quoted tokens, which consists of 0 or more:
     * non-quote-or-backslash [^\\"] OR escaped quote \"
     * OR escaped backslash \\
     * The text inside the quote is captured into capturing group 2
     */
    var regex = /^ *(?:(?!")([^ ]+)|"((?:[^\\"]|\\[\\"])*)")/;
    var tokens = [];
    var arr;

    while ((arr = str.match(regex)) !== null) {
        if (arr[1] !== void 0) {
            // Non-space token
            tokens.push(arr[1]);
        } else {
            // Quoted token, needs extra processing to
            // convert escaped character back
            tokens.push(arr[2].replace(/\\([\\"])/g, '$1'));
        }

        // Remove the matched text
        str = str.substring(arr[0].length);
    }

    // Test that the leftover consists of only space characters
    if (/^ *$/.test(str)) {
        return tokens;
    } else {
        // The only way to reach here is opened quoted token
        // Your code returns the tokens successfully parsed
        // but I think it is better to show an error here.
        return null;
    }
}

回答2:

I created a simple regex that matches the command line you wrote.

/\w+\s((("([^\\"]*\\")*[^\\"]*")|[^ ]+)(\b|\s+))+$

/\w+\s finds the first part of your command
(((
"([^\\"]*\\")* finds any string starting with " that doesn't contain \" followed by a \" one or more times (thus allowing "something\", "some\"thing\" and so on
[^\\"]*" followed by a list of characters not containing \ or " and at last a "
)|[^ ]+ this is an alternative: finds any nonspace character sequence
)
(\b|\s+) all followerd by a space or a word boundary
)+$ one or more times, one per command, until the end of the string

I'm afraid that this can fail sometimes, but I posted this to show that sometimes the arguments have a structure based on repetition, for example see "something\"something\"something\"end" where the repeated structure is something\", and you can use this idea to build your regex

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14727065/regular-expressions-matching-irc-like-parameters

标签

javascript

regex

string-parsing