问题
As a primarily high-level/iOS dev, I'm interested in using SceneKit for animation projects.
I've been having fun with SceneKit for some months now, despite it obviously being designed for 'live' interaction, I would find it incredibly useful to be able to 'render' an SKScene to video. Currently, I've been using Quicktime's screen recorder to capture video output, but (of course) the frame-rate drops in doing so. Is there an alternative that allows a scene to be rendered at its own pace and outputted as a smooth video file?
I understand this is unlikely to be possible... Just thought I'd ask in case I was missing something lower-level!
回答1:
You could use an SCNRenderer to render to a CGImage offscreen, then add the CGImage to a video stream using AVFoundation.
I wrote this Swift extension for rendering into a CGImage.
public extension SCNRenderer {
public func renderToImageSize(size: CGSize, floatComponents: Bool, atTime time: NSTimeInterval) -> CGImage? {
var thumbnailCGImage: CGImage?
let width = GLsizei(size.width), height = GLsizei(size.height)
let samplesPerPixel = 4
#if os(iOS)
let oldGLContext = EAGLContext.currentContext()
let glContext = unsafeBitCast(context, EAGLContext.self)
EAGLContext.setCurrentContext(glContext)
objc_sync_enter(glContext)
#elseif os(OSX)
let oldGLContext = CGLGetCurrentContext()
let glContext = unsafeBitCast(context, CGLContextObj.self)
CGLSetCurrentContext(glContext)
CGLLockContext(glContext)
#endif
// set up the OpenGL buffers
var thumbnailFramebuffer: GLuint = 0
glGenFramebuffers(1, &thumbnailFramebuffer)
glBindFramebuffer(GLenum(GL_FRAMEBUFFER), thumbnailFramebuffer); checkGLErrors()
var colorRenderbuffer: GLuint = 0
glGenRenderbuffers(1, &colorRenderbuffer)
glBindRenderbuffer(GLenum(GL_RENDERBUFFER), colorRenderbuffer)
if floatComponents {
glRenderbufferStorage(GLenum(GL_RENDERBUFFER), GLenum(GL_RGBA16F), width, height)
} else {
glRenderbufferStorage(GLenum(GL_RENDERBUFFER), GLenum(GL_RGBA8), width, height)
}
glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GLenum(GL_FRAMEBUFFER), GLenum(GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0), GLenum(GL_RENDERBUFFER), colorRenderbuffer); checkGLErrors()
var depthRenderbuffer: GLuint = 0
glGenRenderbuffers(1, &depthRenderbuffer)
glBindRenderbuffer(GLenum(GL_RENDERBUFFER), depthRenderbuffer)
glRenderbufferStorage(GLenum(GL_RENDERBUFFER), GLenum(GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT24), width, height)
glFramebufferRenderbuffer(GLenum(GL_FRAMEBUFFER), GLenum(GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT), GLenum(GL_RENDERBUFFER), depthRenderbuffer); checkGLErrors()
let framebufferStatus = Int32(glCheckFramebufferStatus(GLenum(GL_FRAMEBUFFER)))
assert(framebufferStatus == GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE)
if framebufferStatus != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE {
return nil
}
// clear buffer
glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
glClear(GLbitfield(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)); checkGLErrors()
// render
renderAtTime(time); checkGLErrors()
// create the image
if floatComponents { // float components (16-bits of actual precision)
// slurp bytes out of OpenGL
typealias ComponentType = Float
var imageRawBuffer = [ComponentType](count: Int(width * height) * samplesPerPixel * sizeof(ComponentType), repeatedValue: 0)
glReadPixels(GLint(0), GLint(0), width, height, GLenum(GL_RGBA), GLenum(GL_FLOAT), &imageRawBuffer)
// flip image vertically — OpenGL has a different 'up' than CoreGraphics
let rowLength = Int(width) * samplesPerPixel
for rowIndex in 0..<(Int(height) / 2) {
let baseIndex = rowIndex * rowLength
let destinationIndex = (Int(height) - 1 - rowIndex) * rowLength
swap(&imageRawBuffer[baseIndex..<(baseIndex + rowLength)], &imageRawBuffer[destinationIndex..<(destinationIndex + rowLength)])
}
// make the CGImage
var imageBuffer = vImage_Buffer(
data: UnsafeMutablePointer<Float>(imageRawBuffer),
height: vImagePixelCount(height),
width: vImagePixelCount(width),
rowBytes: Int(width) * sizeof(ComponentType) * samplesPerPixel)
var format = vImage_CGImageFormat(
bitsPerComponent: UInt32(sizeof(ComponentType) * 8),
bitsPerPixel: UInt32(sizeof(ComponentType) * samplesPerPixel * 8),
colorSpace: nil, // defaults to sRGB
bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo(CGImageAlphaInfo.PremultipliedLast.rawValue | CGBitmapInfo.ByteOrder32Little.rawValue | CGBitmapInfo.FloatComponents.rawValue),
version: UInt32(0),
decode: nil,
renderingIntent: kCGRenderingIntentDefault)
var error: vImage_Error = 0
thumbnailCGImage = vImageCreateCGImageFromBuffer(&imageBuffer, &format, nil, nil, vImage_Flags(kvImagePrintDiagnosticsToConsole), &error)!.takeRetainedValue()
} else { // byte components
// slurp bytes out of OpenGL
typealias ComponentType = UInt8
var imageRawBuffer = [ComponentType](count: Int(width * height) * samplesPerPixel * sizeof(ComponentType), repeatedValue: 0)
glReadPixels(GLint(0), GLint(0), width, height, GLenum(GL_RGBA), GLenum(GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE), &imageRawBuffer)
// flip image vertically — OpenGL has a different 'up' than CoreGraphics
let rowLength = Int(width) * samplesPerPixel
for rowIndex in 0..<(Int(height) / 2) {
let baseIndex = rowIndex * rowLength
let destinationIndex = (Int(height) - 1 - rowIndex) * rowLength
swap(&imageRawBuffer[baseIndex..<(baseIndex + rowLength)], &imageRawBuffer[destinationIndex..<(destinationIndex + rowLength)])
}
// make the CGImage
var imageBuffer = vImage_Buffer(
data: UnsafeMutablePointer<Float>(imageRawBuffer),
height: vImagePixelCount(height),
width: vImagePixelCount(width),
rowBytes: Int(width) * sizeof(ComponentType) * samplesPerPixel)
var format = vImage_CGImageFormat(
bitsPerComponent: UInt32(sizeof(ComponentType) * 8),
bitsPerPixel: UInt32(sizeof(ComponentType) * samplesPerPixel * 8),
colorSpace: nil, // defaults to sRGB
bitmapInfo: CGBitmapInfo(CGImageAlphaInfo.PremultipliedLast.rawValue | CGBitmapInfo.ByteOrder32Big.rawValue),
version: UInt32(0),
decode: nil,
renderingIntent: kCGRenderingIntentDefault)
var error: vImage_Error = 0
thumbnailCGImage = vImageCreateCGImageFromBuffer(&imageBuffer, &format, nil, nil, vImage_Flags(kvImagePrintDiagnosticsToConsole), &error)!.takeRetainedValue()
}
#if os(iOS)
objc_sync_exit(glContext)
if oldGLContext != nil {
EAGLContext.setCurrentContext(oldGLContext)
}
#elseif os(OSX)
CGLUnlockContext(glContext)
if oldGLContext != nil {
CGLSetCurrentContext(oldGLContext)
}
#endif
return thumbnailCGImage
}
}
func checkGLErrors() {
var glError: GLenum
var hadError = false
do {
glError = glGetError()
if glError != 0 {
println(String(format: "OpenGL error %#x", glError))
hadError = true
}
} while glError != 0
assert(!hadError)
}
回答2:
** This is the answer for SceneKit using Metal.
** Warning: This may not be a proper method for App Store. But it's working.
Step 1: Swap the method of nextDrawable of CAMetalLayer with a new one using swizzling. Save the CAMetalDrawable for each render loop.
extension CAMetalLayer {
public static func setupSwizzling() {
struct Static {
static var token: dispatch_once_t = 0
}
dispatch_once(&Static.token) {
let copiedOriginalSelector = #selector(CAMetalLayer.orginalNextDrawable)
let originalSelector = #selector(CAMetalLayer.nextDrawable)
let swizzledSelector = #selector(CAMetalLayer.newNextDrawable)
let copiedOriginalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, copiedOriginalSelector)
let originalMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, originalSelector)
let swizzledMethod = class_getInstanceMethod(self, swizzledSelector)
let oldImp = method_getImplementation(originalMethod)
method_setImplementation(copiedOriginalMethod, oldImp)
method_exchangeImplementations(originalMethod, swizzledMethod)
}
}
func newNextDrawable() -> CAMetalDrawable? {
let drawable = orginalNextDrawable()
// Save the drawable to any where you want
AppManager.sharedInstance.currentSceneDrawable = drawable
return drawable
}
func orginalNextDrawable() -> CAMetalDrawable? {
// This is just a placeholder. Implementation will be replaced with nextDrawable.
return nil
}
}
Step 2: Setup the swizzling in AppDelegate: didFinishLaunchingWithOptions
func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
CAMetalLayer.setupSwizzling()
return true
}
Step 3: Disable framebufferOnly for your's SCNView's CAMetalLayer (In order to call getBytes for MTLTexture)
if let metalLayer = scnView.layer as? CAMetalLayer {
metalLayer.framebufferOnly = false
}
Step 4: In your SCNView's delegate (SCNSceneRendererDelegate), play with the texture
func renderer(renderer: SCNSceneRenderer, didRenderScene scene: SCNScene, atTime time: NSTimeInterval) {
if let texture = AppManager.sharedInstance.currentSceneDrawable?.texture where !texture.framebufferOnly {
AppManager.sharedInstance.currentSceneDrawable = nil
// Get image from texture
let image = texture.toImage()
// Use the image for video recording
}
}
extension MTLTexture {
func bytes() -> UnsafeMutablePointer<Void> {
let width = self.width
let height = self.height
let rowBytes = self.width * 4
let p = malloc(width * height * 4) //Beware for memory leak
self.getBytes(p, bytesPerRow: rowBytes, fromRegion: MTLRegionMake2D(0, 0, width, height), mipmapLevel: 0)
return p
}
func toImage() -> UIImage? {
var uiImage: UIImage?
let p = bytes()
let pColorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB()
let rawBitmapInfo = CGImageAlphaInfo.NoneSkipFirst.rawValue | CGBitmapInfo.ByteOrder32Little.rawValue
let bitmapInfo:CGBitmapInfo = CGBitmapInfo(rawValue: rawBitmapInfo)
let selftureSize = self.width * self.height * 4
let rowBytes = self.width * 4
let provider = CGDataProviderCreateWithData(nil, p, selftureSize, {_,_,_ in })!
if let cgImage = CGImageCreate(self.width, self.height, 8, 32, rowBytes, pColorSpace, bitmapInfo, provider, nil, true, CGColorRenderingIntent.RenderingIntentDefault) {
uiImage = UIImage(CGImage: cgImage)
}
return uiImage
}
func toImageAsJpeg(compressionQuality: CGFloat) -> UIImage? {
}
}
Step 5 (Optional): You may need to confirm the drawable at CAMetalLayer you are getting is your target. (If more then one CAMetalLayer at the same time)
回答3:
It would actually be pretty easy! Here's a pseudo code of how I would do it (on the SCNView):
int numberOfFrames = 300;
int currentFrame = 0;
int framesPerSecond = 30;
-(void) renderAFrame{
[self renderAtTime:1/framesPerSecond];
NSImage *frame = [self snapshot];
// save the image with the frame number in the name such as f_001.png
currentFrame++;
if(currentFrame < numberOfFrames){
[self renderAFrame];
}
}
It will output you a sequence of images, rendered at 30 frames per second, that you can import in any editing software and convert to video.
回答4:
You can do it this way with a SKVideoNode you put into a SKScene that you use to map as a SCNode's SCMaterial.Diffuse.Content (Hope that's clear ;) )
player = AVPlayer(URL: fileURL!)
let videoSpriteKitNodeLeft = SKVideoNode(AVPlayer: player)
let videoNodeLeft = SCNNode()
let spriteKitScene1 = SKScene(size: CGSize(width: 1280 * screenScale, height: 1280 * screenScale))
spriteKitScene1.shouldRasterize = true
videoNodeLeft.geometry = SCNSphere(radius: 30)
spriteKitScene1.scaleMode = .AspectFit
videoSpriteKitNodeLeft.position = CGPoint(x: spriteKitScene1.size.width / 2.0, y: spriteKitScene1.size.height / 2.0)
videoSpriteKitNodeLeft.size = spriteKitScene1.size
spriteKitScene1.addChild(videoSpriteKitNodeLeft)
videoNodeLeft.geometry?.firstMaterial?.diffuse.contents = spriteKitScene1
videoNodeLeft.geometry?.firstMaterial?.doubleSided = true
// Flip video upside down, so that it's shown in the right position
var transform = SCNMatrix4MakeRotation(Float(M_PI), 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) transform = SCNMatrix4Translate(transform, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0)
videoNodeLeft.pivot = SCNMatrix4MakeRotation(Float(M_PI_2), 0.0, -1.0, 0.0)
videoNodeLeft.geometry?.firstMaterial?.diffuse.contentsTransform = transform
videoNodeLeft.position = SCNVector3(x: 0, y: 0, z: 0)
scene.rootNode.addChildNode(videoNodeLeft)
I've extracted the code from a github project of mine for a 360 video player using SceneKit to play a video inside a 3D Sphere: https://github.com/Aralekk/simple360player_iOS/blob/master/simple360player/ViewController.swift
I hope this helps !
Arthur
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29060465/rendering-a-scenekit-scene-to-video-output