javascript permutation generator with permutation length parameter

问题

I've seen a few generators out there but they all make a squared matrix. For example, you give it a list of three items and it'll assume the output of the length is also three. However, I'd like to specify the items and the length.

Sound like an easy problem can't believe there isn't a library available for it. Would like to avoid writing this myself if there's a tested library out there. Any suggestions would be great.

Example of what i've found

var list = 'abc';
perms = permutations(list);
//you cannot define the length

Example

var list = 'abc';
var length = 3;

perms = permutations(list,length);

console.log(perms);

/* output
a,a,a
a,b,c
a,b,a
a,c,a
c,a,a
...
*/

I would like to be able to change length and should create permutations accordingly

length = 2

a,a
a,b
b,b
b,a

length = 4

a,a,a,a 
a,a,a,b
....

回答1:

You can imagine the length as representing the number of slots. Each slot has N possibilities, given that N is the number of elements in your initial list. So given three values [1,2,3], you will have a total of 3 x 3 x 3 = 27 permutations.

Here's my attempt. Comments included!

var list = [1,2,3];

var getPermutations = function(list, maxLen) {
    // Copy initial values as arrays
    var perm = list.map(function(val) {
        return [val];
    });
    // Our permutation generator
    var generate = function(perm, maxLen, currLen) {
        // Reached desired length
        if (currLen === maxLen) {
            return perm;
        }
        // For each existing permutation
        for (var i = 0, len = perm.length; i < len; i++) {
            var currPerm = perm.shift();
            // Create new permutation
            for (var k = 0; k < list.length; k++) {
                perm.push(currPerm.concat(list[k]));
            }
        }
        // Recurse
        return generate(perm, maxLen, currLen + 1);
    };
    // Start with size 1 because of initial values
    return generate(perm, maxLen, 1);
};

var res = getPermutations(list, 3);
console.log(res);
console.log(res.length); // 27

fiddle

回答2:

I wrote a little library that uses generators to give you permutations with custom items and number of elements. https://github.com/acarl005/generatorics

const G = require('generatorics')

for (let perm of G.permutation(['a', 'b', 'c'], 2)) {
  console.log(perm);
}
// [ 'a', 'b' ]
// [ 'a', 'c' ]
// [ 'b', 'a' ]
// [ 'b', 'c' ]
// [ 'c', 'a' ]
// [ 'c', 'b' ]

回答3:

If you're looking for an answer based on performance, you can use the length of the array as a numerical base, and access the elements in the array based on this base, essentially replacing actual values from the base with the values in your array, and accessing each of the values in order, using a counter:

const getCombos = (arr, len) => {
  const base = arr.length
  const counter = Array(len).fill(base === 1 ? arr[0] : 0)
  if (base === 1) return [counter]
  const combos = []
  const increment = i => {
    if (counter[i] === base - 1) {
      counter[i] = 0
      increment(i - 1)
    } else {
      counter[i]++
    }
  }

  for (let i = base ** len; i--;) {
    const combo = []
    for (let j = 0; j < counter.length; j++) {
      combo.push(arr[counter[j]])
    }
    combos.push(combo)
    increment(counter.length - 1)
  }

  return combos
}

const combos = getCombos([1, 2, 3], 3)
console.log(combos)

For smaller use cases, like the example above, performance shouldn't be an issue, but if you were to increase the size of the given array from 3 to 10, and the length from 3 to 5, you have already moved from 27 (3³) combinations to 100,000 (10⁵), you can see the performance difference here:

回答4:

A little late, but maybe this will help somebody. It allows for repetition, and length specification :)

function samplePermutation(sequence, repetition = false, n = null) {
  if (sequence.constructor !== Array) {
    throw new Error("samplePermutation: sequence needs to be an array.");
  }

  if (n === null) {
    n = sequence.length;
  } 

  var permutation = [];
  var add;
  while ((repetition && (permutation.length < n)) || ((!repetition) && (sequence.length))) {
    var index = Math.floor(Math.random() * sequence.length);
    if (repetition) {
      add = sequence[index];
    } else {
      add = sequence.splice(index, 1);
    }
    permutation = permutation.concat(add);
  }

  return (permutation);
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23305747/javascript-permutation-generator-with-permutation-length-parameter